Gaming-Based Tele-Exercise Program to Improve Physical Function in Frail Older Adults: Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Frailty leads to reduced physical activity can cause increased fall risk. This contributes to accelerated aging processes, leading to adverse health outcomes and reduced quality of life. We have developed and piloted the design, usability, safety, and feasibility of a gaming-based cognitive-motor (CogXergaming) tele-exercise protocol in prefrail older adults.

Evaluation of Anti-Alzheimer's Potential of Azo-Stilbene-Thioflavin-T derived Multifunctional Molecules: Synthesis, Metal and Aβ Species Binding and Cholinesterase Activity.

Inhibition of amyloid β (Aβ) aggregation and cholinesterase activity are two major therapeutic targets for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Multifunctional Molecules (MFMs) specifically designed to address other contributing factors, such as metal ion induced abnormalities, oxidative stress, toxic Aβ aggregates etc. are very much required.

Neuromuscular mechanisms of motor adaptation to repeated treadmill-slip perturbations during stance in healthy young adults.

Treadmill-based repeated perturbation training (PBT) induces motor adaptation in reactive balance responses, thus lowering the risk of slip-induced falls. However, little evidence exists regarding intervention-induced changes in neuromuscular control underlying motor adaptation. Examining neuromuscular changes could be an important step in identifying key elements of adaptation and evaluating treadmill training protocols for fall prevention.

Domain-specific balance training reduces slip-related fall risk in young adults: A potential alternative to perturbation training.

Background: External, environmental perturbations (e.g., slips) account for >60% of falls and lead to severe health-related consequences.

Does proprioceptive reweighting contribute to reactive balance strategies during slip-like perturbations? a proof-of-concept in healthy adults.

Falls commonly occur during walking, particularly when struggling to respond to unexpected perturbations. Proprioception plays a significant role in detecting body destabilization even before reactions to perturbations are required. This study investigates the contribution of proprioceptive reweighting strategies to reactive balance during walking.

Correction: Stauffer Syndrome as the Initial Presentation of Advanced Metastatic Prostate Cancer.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.7759/cureus.37663.

Unravelling the impact of heat stress on daughter pregnancy rate in Mehsana buffalo through innovative breeding interventions.

Heat stress profoundly affects the reproductive success of buffaloes, which are vital for the dairy industry due to their unique anatomical and physiological characteristics, necessitating careful evaluation under such conditions. Hence, this guided our search for quantifying heat stress' impact on Mehsana buffaloes using the best THI model and evaluating sires' performance. Fertility records (days open converted to daughter pregnancy rate) were collected in the span of over 24 years, w.

The role of corporate governance structures in mediating the relationship between external supervision, credit appraisal measurement, capital adequacy, and performance of commercial banks in Nepal.

This study investigates the role of corporate governance structures as mediators between external supervision, credit appraisal measurement, capital adequacy, and the performance of commercial banks in Nepal. This research sheds light on the significance of effective corporate governance practices within Nepali commercial banks and how certain governance mechanisms may impact bank performance. A quantitative research design was employed, using data from commercial banks in Nepal for this study.

E-cigarette Use and Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outcomes: A Meta-Analysis.

E-cigarettes have been known to cause varied poor health outcomes prior to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but after the impact of COVID-19, evidence came out that was, in some instances, not as expected regarding the severity of COVID-19 among e-cigarette users (vapers). A meta-analysis was performed on the available evidence to comprehensively find the effect of COVID-19 on existing or past e-cigarette users (vapers). The Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines were used to perform this meta-analysis.

Perturbation-based dual task assessment in older adults with mild cognitive impairment.

Background: Dual tasking (i.e., concurrent performance of motor and cognitive task) is significantly impaired in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (OAwMCI) compared to cognitively intact older adults (CIOA) and has been associated with increased fall risk.

Exploring malaria parasite surface proteins to devise highly immunogenic multi-epitope subunit vaccine for Plasmodium falciparum.

Background: Malaria has remained a major health concern for decades among people living in tropical and sub-tropical countries. Plasmodium falciparum is one of the critical species that cause severe malaria and is responsible for major mortality. Moreover, the parasite has generated resistance against all WHO recommended drugs and therapies.

Effect of Explicit Prioritization on Dual Tasks During Standing and Walking in People With Neurologic and Neurocognitive Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Objectives: To examine the effectiveness of explicit task (ie, equal, motor or cognitive) prioritization during dual tasking (DT) in adults with neurologic and neurocognitive disorders (stroke, Parkinson disease [PD], multiple sclerosis, dementia, Alzheimer disease, and mild cognitive impairment).

Data Source: A systematic search in 4 databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Central) yielded 1138 unique studies published up to 2023.

Study Selection: Forty-one experimental studies were selected that assessed the effect of explicit prioritization instructions on both motor and cognitive performance during dual-tasks related to standing and walking in selected populations.

Transfer Hydrogenation of N- and O-Containing Heterocycles Including Pyridines with HN-BH Under the Catalysis of the Homogeneous Ruthenium Precatalyst.

In this study, we report a transfer hydrogenation protocol that utilizes borane-ammonia (HN-BH) as the hydrogen source and a commercially available RuCl·HO precatalyst for the selective aromatic reduction of quinolines, quinoxalines, pyridines, pyrazines, indoles, benzofurans, and furan derivatives to form the corresponding alicyclic heterocycles in good to excellent isolated yields. Applications of this straightforward protocol include the efficient preparation of useful key pharmaceutical intermediates, such as donepezil and flumequine, including a biologically active compound.

Functional electrical stimulation to enhance reactive balance among people with hemiparetic stroke.

Background: Individuals with stroke demonstrate a twofold higher fall incidence compared to healthy counterparts, potentially associated with deficits in reactive balance control, which is crucial for regaining balance from unpredictable perturbations to the body. Moreover, people with higher stroke-related motor impairment exhibit greater falls and cannot recover balance during higher perturbation intensities. Thus, they might need supplemental agents for fall prevention or even to be included in a perturbation-based protocol.

Effectiveness of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Various Tumor Types Treated by Low, Per-Weight, and Conventional Doses at a Tertiary Care Center in Mumbai.

Purpose: The cost of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) limits their accessibility to a small number of patients with cancer in low- and middle-income countries. Early-phase clinical trials have shown target inhibition and high activity at doses lower than those registered and evaluated in clinical trials. Here, we report everyday experience of using ICIs in 100 Indian patients, many of whom received lower doses of ICIs.

Structure-based virtual screening against multiple Plasmodium falciparum kinases reveals antimalarial compounds.

The continuous emergence of resistance against most frontline antimalarial drugs has led to countless deaths in malaria-endemic countries, counting 619,000 deaths in 2021, with mutation in drug targets being the sole cause. As mutation is correlated frequently with fitness cost, the likelihood of mutation emergence in multiple targets at a time is extremely low. Hence, multitargeting compounds may seem promising to address drug resistance issues with additional benefits like increased efficacy, improved safety profile, and the requirement of fewer pills compared to traditional single and combinational drugs.

Effect of a customized safety harness on movement kinematics in a dance-based exergaming among people with chronic stroke.

Background: Dance-based exergaming has exhibited efficacy in people with chronic stroke, it is beneficial to advance towards independent self-training to increase long-term compliance, and cost effectiveness through safety harness devices. Thus, the purpose of the study was to investigate people with chronic stroke's dance-movement kinematics to different types of assistance, namely no assistance, safety harness assistance, and contact guard assistance with gait belt.

Methods: Community-dwelling people with chronic stroke (n = 10) participated in the study.

Niacinamide enhances cathelicidin mediated SARS-CoV-2 membrane disruption.

The continual emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants threatens to compromise the effectiveness of worldwide vaccination programs, and highlights the need for complementary strategies for a sustainable containment plan. An effective approach is to mobilize the body's own antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection and propagation. We have found that human cathelicidin (LL37), an AMP found at epithelial barriers as well as in various bodily fluids, has the capacity to neutralise multiple strains of SARS-CoV-2.

Homogenous nickel-catalyzed chemoselective transfer hydrogenation of functionalized nitroarenes with ammonia-borane.

Homogeneous Ni-catalyzed highly selective transfer hydrogenation of nitroarenes was successfully established using NHBH as a hydrogen source. A broad range of functional groups were selectively reduced to provide the corresponding anilines in good to high yields. Further, pharmaceutically active compounds can be prepared that would otherwise be challenging to access.

Heterogeneity of Tasks and Outcome Measures in Dual Tasking Studies in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Scoping Review.

Objective: The aims of this scoping review are to examine the available literature regarding dual tasking in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and to identify and categorize both the motor and cognitive tasks and outcome measures used primarily through the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health model.

Methods: Five electronic databases were searched. Studies were included if they: (1) were published in English; (2) included at least 1 group of children or adolescents with a diagnosis of CP; (3) assessed dual tasking as part of the study; (4) reported the method for performing the dual task; and (5) reported the outcome measures utilized.

Unusual Aspergillus Pleural Effusion in a Patient With Immunodeficiency.

Pleural aspergillosis is a rare form of invasive bronchopulmonary aspergillosis that is most often seen in immunocompromised hosts. It appears because of the coagulative necrosis of lung tissue induced by the species, which promotes the formation of a fungal pleural effusion. We present the case of a 51-year-old liver transplant patient on chronic immunosuppression therapy who presented with respiratory failure and was found to have a large left-sided pleural effusion from invasive aspergillosis.

Motor adaptation and immediate retention to overground gait-slip perturbation training in people with chronic stroke: an experimental trial with a comparison group.

Background: Perturbation-based training has shown to be effective in reducing fall-risk in people with chronic stroke (PwCS). However, most evidence comes from treadmill-based stance studies, with a lack of research focusing on training overground perturbed walking and exploring the relative contributions of the paretic and non-paretic limbs. This study thus examined whether PwCS could acquire motor adaptation and demonstrate immediate retention of fall-resisting skills following bilateral overground gait-slip perturbation training.

Cognitive Task Domain Influences Cognitive-Motor Interference during Large-Magnitude Treadmill Stance Perturbations.

Reactive balance is postulated to be attentionally demanding, although it has been underexamined in dual-tasking (DT) conditions. Further, DT studies have mainly included only one cognitive task, leaving it unknown how different cognitive domains contribute to reactive balance. This study examined how DT affected reactive responses to large-magnitude perturbations and compared cognitive-motor interference (CMI) between cognitive tasks.