A randomized controlled trial of a feedback method for improving empathic accuracy in psychotherapy.

Objectives: To develop and evaluate a feedback method for reducing empathic errors in psychotherapy.

Design: Randomized controlled trial conducted in a university-affiliated out-patient psychiatric clinic.

Methods: Sixteen non-psychotic patients treated for Axis I disorders by 12 psychiatry residents were randomly assigned to intervention and control conditions.

From fuzzy logic toward plurimonism: the science of active and empathic observation.

Plurimonism is a new philosophy and method of science. It holds that the revolution in computer science and artificial intelligence has reached the point that all the sciences in general can now account for the complex relations of an irreducible plurality of unique observers engaged in describing the same event. Plurimonism seeks to describe the conscious and unconscious relations of the scientific observer during the act of observation of a given event while preserving the historical uniqueness and indivisible identity of each such observer.