Enflurane Additive for Sodium Negative Electrodes.

Development of sodium anodes, both hard carbon (HC) and metallic, is dependent on the discovery of electrolyte formations and additives able to stabilize the interphase and support Na transport. Halogen salt additives are known to lower the energy barrier for the Na-ion charge transfer at the interface and facilitate stable Na plating/stripping in a symmetric cell configuration. Here, a halogen-rich additive for the sodium-ion battery electrolyte, 2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether (enflurane), is reported.

Size-controlled SnO₂ hollow spheres via a template free approach as anodes for lithium ion batteries.

Tin oxide hollow spheres (SnO₂ HS) with high structural integrity were synthesized by using a one pot hydrothermal approach with organic moieties as structure controlling agents. By adjusting the proportion of acetylacetone (AcAc) in the precursor formulation, SnO₂ HS of 200 and 350 nm dimensions, with a uniform shell thickness of about 50 nm, were prepared. Using the optimized solution composition with a Sn precursor, heating duration dependent structural evolution of SnO₂ was performed at a fixed temperature of 160 °C, which revealed a transition from solid spheres (1 h) to aggregated spheres (4 h) to porous spheres (10 h) to optimized HS (13 h) and finally to broken enlarged HS (24 h).

MoO2/multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) hybrid for use as a Li-ion battery anode.

A molybdenum dioxide/multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MoO2/MWCNT) hybrid composed of spherical flowerlike nanostructures of MoO2, interconnected by MWCNTs has been prepared by a one-step hydrothermal route. The growth of MoO2 nanoparticles into spherical floral shapes with a monoclinic crystalline structure is steered by the dioctyl sulfosuccinate surfactant. The one-dimensional electron transport pathways provided by MWCNTs, which are in direct contact with MoO2 nanostructures, impart an enhanced reversible lithium storage capacity (1143 mA h g(-1) at a current density of 100 mA g(-1) after 200 cycles), high rate capability (408 mA h g(-1) at a high C-rate of 1000 mA g(-1)) and good cycling stability to the MoO2/MWCNT hybrid relative to neat MoO2.