Fatty acid metabolism in neutrophils promotes lung damage and bacterial replication during tuberculosis.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection induces a marked influx of neutrophils into the lungs, which intensifies the severity of tuberculosis (TB). The metabolic state of neutrophils significantly influences their functional response during inflammation and interaction with bacterial pathogens. However, the effect of Mtb infection on neutrophil metabolism and its consequent role in TB pathogenesis remain unclear.

Rv0687 a Putative Short-Chain Dehydrogenase Is Required for In Vitro and In Vivo Survival of .

(), a successful human pathogen, resides in host sentinel cells and combats the stressful intracellular environment induced by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species during infection. employs several evasion mechanisms in the face of the host as a survival strategy, including detoxifying enzymes as short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDRs) to withstand host-generated insults. In this study, using specialized transduction, we have generated a Rv0687 deletion mutant and its complemented strain and investigated the functional role of Rv0687, a member of SDRs family genes in pathogenesis.

A Survey on Knowledge, Attitude & Practice of Yakshagana Mela Artists Towards Music-Induced Hearing Loss.

Purpose: Yakshagana is a type of folk-art theatre portraying mythological and historical stories. It includes artists who play predominantly percussion instruments besides cymbals and harmonium. Professional musicians exposing themselves to deafening sounds are prone to develop noise-induced complications.

The causes and consequences of trained immunity in myeloid cells.

Conventionally, immunity in humans has been classified as innate and adaptive, with the concept that only the latter type has an immunological memory/recall response against specific antigens or pathogens. Recently, a new concept of trained immunity (a.k.

Evaluation of biocontrol efficacy of rhizosphere dwelling bacteria for management of Fusarium wilt and Botrytis gray mold of chickpea.

Background: Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) production is affected by many biotic factors, among them Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.

Rv0687 a Putative Short-Chain Dehydrogenase is indispensable for pathogenesis of .

a successful human pathogen, resides in host sentinel cells and combats the stressful intracellular environment induced by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species during infection. employs several evasion mechanisms in the face of the host as a survival strategy, including detoxifying enzymes as short-chain dehydrogenases/ reductases (SDRs) to withstand host-generated insults. In this study, using specialized transduction we have generated a Rv0687 deletion mutant and its complemented strain and investigated the functional role of Rv0687, a member of SDRs family genes in pathogenesis.

Fragment-Based Drug Discovery against Mycobacteria: The Success and Challenges.

The emergence of drug-resistant mycobacteria, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), poses an increasing global threat that urgently demands the development of new potent anti-mycobacterial drugs. One of the approaches toward the identification of new drugs is fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD), which is the most ingenious among other drug discovery models, such as structure-based drug design (SBDD) and high-throughput screening. Specialized techniques, such as X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and many others, are part of the drug discovery approach to combat the Mtb and NTM global menaces.

Role of a Putative Alkylhydroperoxidase Rv2159c in the Oxidative Stress Response and Virulence of .

, which causes tuberculosis, is one of the leading infectious agents worldwide with a high rate of mortality. Following aerosol inhalation, primarily infects the alveolar macrophages, which results in a host immune response that gradually activates various antimicrobial mechanisms, including the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), within the phagocytes to neutralize the bacteria. is the master regulator of oxidative stress response in several bacterial species.

A putative short-chain dehydrogenase Rv0148 of affects bacterial survival and virulence.

During infection, combats the stress generated by the host cells through the action of short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDRs). Rv0148 belongs to the oxidoreductase family with the SDRs domain, which regulates the homeostasis of In our earlier studyusing knockout mutant strain (∆0148), we reported that Rv0148 is involved in intermediary metabolism, drug resistance and cell homeostasis of . In the current study, we explored the functional role of Rv0148 using gene knockout mutant and models of infection.

Protein-protein interaction of Rv0148 with Htdy and its predicted role towards drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Background: Mycobacterium tuberculosis resides inside host macrophages during infection and adapts to resilient stresses generated by the host immune system. As a response, M. tuberculosis codes for short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDRs).

A review on bovine tuberculosis in India.

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a chronic illness in animals, especially in cattle, leading to loss in the productivity and signifies a crucial public health risk. Regardless of the zoonotic threat and significant economic costs associated with the disease, precise estimates of bTB prevalence are deficient in many countries, including India, where national control programs are yet to be instigated. The true burden of the disease remains unknown due to lack of routine surveillance data from most of the developing countries.

Synthesis of spirooxindolocarbamates based on Betti reaction: antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities.

A series of new spirooxindolocarbamates 4a-l and 6a-d were synthesized by using the Betti reaction. All the target compounds were well characterized by IR, NMR and mass spectrometry. The structures of the compounds 4a and 4e were confirmed by the single crystal X-ray diffraction.

Ligand directed structural diversity and magnetism in copper(ii)-azido assemblies with isomeric aminopyridines: synthesis, structure, magnetism and theoretical studies.

Four new copper complexes, viz. [{Cu(2-aminopyridine)(N)(HO)}] (1), [Cu(3-aminopyridine)(N)] (2), [{Cu(3-aminopyridine)(N)}] (3), and [Cu(4-aminopyridine)(N)] (4), have been synthesized with isomeric aminopyridines, viz. 2-aminopyridine (2-ap), 3-aminopyridine (3-ap), and 4-aminopyridine (4-ap), to probe the role of ligand and reactant molar ratios in directing the polynuclear assemblage and the associated magnetic properties.

Development and standardization of sorghum pasta using extrusion technology.

Extrusion cooking is a unique method for preparing pasta, which is generally produced from durum wheat semolina. However, preparation of pasta from sorghum is not practiced in India. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to develop and standardize pasta from sorghum cultivar, M35-1 and wheat semolina of 0.

Design, synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of pyrimidobenzothiazole-3-carboxylate derivatives as selective L-type calcium channel blockers.

L-type voltage gated calcium channels play essential role in contraction of various skeletal and vascular smooth muscles, thereby plays important role in regulating blood pressure. Dihydropyridine receptors have been targeted for development of newer antihypertensive agents, one of the structurally analogs nucleus dihydropyrimidines have been reported earlier by us as a potential agent toward development of calcium channel modulator. A pre-synthetic QSAR was run and on the basis of structure activity relationship a series of twenty three molecules was synthesized and studied by myosin light chain kinase assay (MLCK), Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) colorimetric assay, non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP) and invasive blood pressure (IBP) methods.

Development of selective DprE1 inhibitors: Design, synthesis, crystal structure and antitubercular activity of benzothiazolylpyrimidine-5-carboxamides.

Decaprenylphosphoryl-b-D-ribose 20-epimerase (DprE1) is a potential drug target for development of antitubercular agents. Structure based drug discovery approach yielded twenty novel derivatives of benzothiazolylpyrimidine-5-carboxamides (7a-t) which were synthesised by three component one pot reaction involving benzothiazolyl oxobutanamide, thiourea and substituted aromatic benzaldehydes. These derivatives were evaluated for antitubercular activity to determine MIC and compound 7a, 7e, 7f and 7o were found to be potentially active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H37Rv).

N (2)-(4-Meth-oxy-salicyl-idene)arginine hemihydrate.

The title compound, C14H20N4O4·0.5H2O [systematic name: (2S)-5-{[amino-(iminium-yl)meth-yl]amino}-2-{[(1Z)-4-meth-oxy-2-oxido-benzyl-idene]aza-nium-yl}penta-noate hemihydrate], has been synthesized by the reaction of l-arginine and 4-meth-oxy-salicyl-aldehyde and crystallizes with two independent substituted l-arginine mol-ecules and one water mol-ecule of solvation in the asymmetric unit. Each mol-ecule exists as a zwitterion and adopts a Z configuration about the central C=N.

A new end-on azido bridged Mn(III) single-chain magnet and its dimeric single molecule magnet polymorph. Synthesis, structure and magnetic properties of [Mn(5-Clsalpn)N3]n and phenoxo bridged [Mn(5-Clsalpn)N3]2.

An end-on azido bridged Mn(III) coordination chain polymer [Mn(5-Clsalpn)N3]n (complex 1) and its dimeric polymorph, [Mn(5-Clsalpn)N3]2 (complex 2), where 5-Clsalpn is N,N'-bis(5-chlorosalicylidene)-1,3-diaminopropane, were prepared. Complex 1, which is obtained as two concomitant polymorphs (1a and 1b) with nearly identical molecular structures but different crystal packing, has μ-1,1(end-on) azido bridges. This single atom bridge is unsymmetrical and leads to a -1 cm(-1) antiferromagnetic interaction among Mn(III) centers of the one-dimensional coordination polymer.

Correlations between nucleotide frequencies and amino acid composition in 115 bacterial species.

We studied the correlations between amino acid composition and mononucleotide and dinucleotide frequencies in 115 bacterial genomes of varying G+C content. Observed amino acid frequencies were compared with those expected from the actual mononucleotide and dinucleotide frequencies. Both mononucleotide and dinucleotide frequencies correlate well with the amino acid frequency, with dinucleotide frequencies doing so better.

CADB: Conformation Angles DataBase of proteins.

Conformation Angles DataBase (CADB) provides an online resource to access data on conformation angles (both main-chain and side-chain) of protein structures in two data sets corresponding to 25% and 90% sequence identity between any two proteins, available in the Protein Data Bank. In addition, the database contains the necessary crystallographic parameters. The package has several flexible options and display facilities to visualize the main-chain and side-chain conformation angles for a particular amino acid residue.

Biological mimicry of gonadotropin action by antiidiotypic antibodies to luteinizing hormone: characterization and biological properties.

High affinity polyclonal rabbit antibodies to ovine (o) pituitary LH [anti-oLH-immunoglobulin G (IgG) Ab1] were used to immunize young Southdown lambs. Their serum samples as well as those from controls receiving normal rabbit IgG were studied for the presence of anti-Ab1 antibodies. In RIAs using [125I]oLH and affinity-purified Ab1, sera from experimental sheep showed high activity, as expressed in oLH equivalents.

Hormone glycosylation required for lutropin receptor recognition in sheep testis.

The high affinity binding sites for ovine pituitary lutropin (oLH) present in DLS-1 sheep testis recognized only the fully glycosylated ovine or bovine hormone (bLH) in receptor binding assays using 125I-labeled oLH. Chemically deglycosylated (DG-) oLH or bLH which were fully active with other lutropin receptors (rat/pig) were completely inert in the DLS-1 receptor assay. In the same membranes, the FSH (follitropin) receptor reacted well with both glycosylated FSH and DG-oFSH.

Influence of carbohydrates on the antigenic structure of gonadotropins: distinction of agonists and antagonists.

The biological properties of glycosylated (native) and deglycosylated gonadotropins are different. The immunological characteristics of antibodies prepared against deglycosylated lutropin and human chorionic gonadotropin were investigated. Distinct antibodies of rabbit polyclonal antisera against deglycosylated lutropin and deglycosylated chorionic gonadotropin were separated by affinity chromatography on divinylsulfonyl-Sepharose-immobilized hormone or antagonist columns, respectively, in successive runs.

Purification and characterization of lutropin receptor from membranes of pig follicular fluid.

Membranes derived from free floating granulosa cells in porcine ovarian follicular fluid were used as a starting material for structural characterization of both LH/hCG and FSH receptors. The receptors were highly hormone-specific and showed single classes of high-affinity binding sites (Kd = 19-74 pM). Their molecular weights as determined by affinity cross-linking with their respective 125I-ligands were similarly 70,000.

Gonadotrophin-binding components in porcine follicular fluid.

The follicular fluid is an important milieu for the growing and maturing oocyte and granulosa cells. In this study we investigated: (1) the properties of gonadotrophin-binding sites in the supernatant fraction of porcine follicular fluid (pFF) and compared them with those of membrane-bound receptors, and (2) the relative changes that occur in pFF and granulosa cell receptor-binding activity following hormone priming of gilts. 125I-Labelled human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) and 125I-labelled ovine FSH (oFSH) binding to particulate and supernatant fractions of pFF were hormone-specific and saturable.