A Machine Learning Model to Successfully Predict Future Diagnosis of Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia With Retrospective Electronic Health Records Data.

Background: Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a clonal stem cell disorder accounting for 15% of adult leukemias. We aimed to determine if machine learning models could predict CML using blood cell counts prior to diagnosis.

Methods: We identified patients with a diagnostic test for CML (BCR-ABL1) and at least 6 consecutive prior years of differential blood cell counts between 1999 and 2020 in the largest integrated health care system in the United States.

Diagnostic utility of PCR in detection of clinical cases and carriers of leprosy: A cross sectional study at a tertiary care teaching hospital in central India.

Purpose: Since ancient era leprosy is existing across the world. India, Indonesia and Brazil still harbour major proportion of global cases. Child leprosy and Grade II disability indicate delayed diagnosis and persistence of transmission in community.

Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) is a novel receptor for apolipoprotein A4 (APOA4) in adipose tissue.

Apolipoprotein A4 (APOA4) is one of the most abundant and versatile apolipoproteins facilitating lipid transport and metabolism. APOA4 is synthesized in the small intestine, packaged onto chylomicrons, secreted into intestinal lymph and transported via circulation to several tissues, including adipose. Since its discovery nearly 4 decades ago, to date, only platelet integrin αIIbβ3 has been identified as APOA4 receptor in the plasma.

An In vitro System to Gauge the Thrombolytic Efficacy of Histotripsy and a Lytic Drug.

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a global health concern. The primary approach to achieve vessel recanalization for critical obstructions is catheter-directed thrombolytics (CDT). To mitigate caustic side effects and the long treatment time associated with CDT, adjuvant and alternative approaches are under development.

Gold based nano-photonic approach for point-of-care detection of circulating long non-coding RNAs.

Development of a rapid, sensitive and easy to use point of care assay for detection of circulating long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) is of great importance. These biomolecules possess the ability to regulate vital cellular processes and act as biomarkers for various human non-communicable diseases. The present work aimed to develop a simplified and reliable cytometric fluorescence-based approach for precise recognition of circulating lncRNAs in a given sample using biotinylated uracil-modified oligonucleotide tethered AlexaFluor488-labeled streptavidin gold colloidal (BiO-StrAG) nano-conjugates.

Correction: Comparative analysis of various clinical specimens in detection of SARS-CoV-2 using rRT-PCR in new and follow up cases of COVID-19 infection: Quest for the best choice.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Stress and corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) promote necrotizing enterocolitis in a formula-fed neonatal rat model.

The etiology of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is not known. Alterations in gut microbiome, mucosal barrier function, immune cell activation, and blood flow are characterized events in its development, with stress as a contributing factor. The hormone corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is a key mediator of stress responses and influences these aforementioned processes.

Multicenter Trial of a Tubeless, On-Body Automated Insulin Delivery System With Customizable Glycemic Targets in Pediatric and Adult Participants With Type 1 Diabetes.

Objective: Advances in diabetes technology have transformed the treatment paradigm for type 1 diabetes, yet the burden of disease is significant. We report on a pivotal safety study of the first tubeless, on-body automated insulin delivery system with customizable glycemic targets.

Research Design And Methods: This single-arm, multicenter, prospective study enrolled 112 children (age 6-13.

Effect of Continuous Glucose Monitoring on Glycemic Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Basal Insulin: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has been shown to be beneficial for adults with type 2 diabetes using intensive insulin therapy, but its use in type 2 diabetes treated with basal insulin without prandial insulin has not been well studied.

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of CGM in adults with type 2 diabetes treated with basal insulin without prandial insulin in primary care practices.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This randomized clinical trial was conducted at 15 centers in the US (enrollment from July 30, 2018, to October 30, 2019; follow-up completed July 7, 2020) and included adults with type 2 diabetes receiving their diabetes care from a primary care clinician and treated with 1 or 2 daily injections of long- or intermediate-acting basal insulin without prandial insulin, with or without noninsulin glucose-lowering medications.

Texture Analysis of Fractional Water Content Images Acquired during PET/MRI: Initial Evidence for an Association with Total Lesion Glycolysis, Survival and Gene Mutation Profile in Primary Colorectal Cancer.

To assess the capability of fractional water content (FWC) texture analysis (TA) to generate biologically relevant information from routine PET/MRI acquisitions for colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Thirty consecutive primary CRC patients (mean age 63.9, range 42-83 years) prospectively underwent FDG-PET/MRI.

An Epidemiological Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Genomic Sequences from Different Regions of India.

The number of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) cases is increasing in India. This study looks upon the geographic distribution of the virus clades and variants circulating in different parts of India between January and August 2020. The NPS/OPS from representative positive cases from different states and union territories in India were collected every month through the VRDLs in the country and analyzed using next-generation sequencing.

Did I Hit the Door? Effects of Self-Avatars and Calibration in a Person-Plus-Virtual-Object System on Perceived Frontal Passability in VR.

The availability of new and improved display, tracking and input devices for Virtual Reality experiences has facilitated the use of partial and full body self-avatars in interaction with virtual objects in the environment. However, scaling the avatar to match the user's body dimensions remains to be a cumbersome process. Moreover, the effect of body-scaled self-avatars on size perception of virtual handheld objects and related action capabilities has been relatively unexplored.

The RATIONS (Reducing Activation of Tuberculosis by Improvement of Nutritional Status) study: a cluster randomised trial of nutritional support (food rations) to reduce TB incidence in household contacts of patients with microbiologically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis in communities with a high prevalence of undernutrition, Jharkhand, India.

Introduction: India has the largest burden of cases and deaths related to tuberculosis (TB). Undernutrition is the leading risk factor accounting for TB incidence, while severe undernutrition is a common risk factor for mortality in patients with TB in India. The impact of nutritional supplementation on TB incidence is unknown, while few underpowered studies have assessed its impact on TB mortality.

A comparison of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) versus influenza during the pandemic: Can we distinguish COVID-19 from flu?

We conducted a retrospective chart review examining the demographics, clinical history, physical findings, and comorbidities of patients with influenza and patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Older patients, male patients, patients reporting fever, and patients with higher body mass indexes (BMIs) were more likely to have COVID-19 than influenza.

Post-infectious focal encephalitis due to COVID-19.

Introduction: Several publications described neurological manifestations caused by SARS-CoV-2. Immune-mediated neurological damages caused by COVID-19 are increasingly recognized.

Case Report: A young male presented in March 2020 with a new-onset seizure.

Intradural Conus Medullaris Lipoma With Neurological Deficit: A Rare Occurrence.

Intradural lipoma without spinal dysraphism is a rare occurrence. Most of them are asymptomatic but can also present with neurological deficits. A 54-year-old male patient presented to us with progressive weakness in both lower limbs for six months.

Sex Differences in the Exocrine Pancreas and Associated Diseases.

Differences in pancreatic anatomy, size, and function exist in men and women. The anatomical differences could contribute to the increase in complications associated with pancreatic surgery in women. Although diagnostic criteria for pancreatitis are the same in men and women, major sex differences in etiology are reported.

Increased awareness, inadequate treatment, and poor control of cardiovascular risk factors in American young adults: 2005-2016.

Introduction: There are little contemporary data about cardiovascular risk factors among young adults. We defined trends in diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia in American adults aged 18-44 years.

Methods: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Study serial cross-sectional surveys were used to define three time periods: 2005-2008, 2009-2012, and 2013-2016.

A pilot study to evaluate the effectiveness of adjunctive use of two antimicrobial topical gels in chronic gingivitis.

Background: Gingivitis is one of the most prevalent oral disease in humans. The most important etiological factor of gingivitis is dental plaque. Plaque control procedures comprises of several mechanical and chemical methods.

FDG-PET/CT in colorectal cancer: potential for vascular-metabolic imaging to provide markers of prognosis.

Purpose: This study assesses the potential for vascular-metabolic imaging with FluoroDeoxyGlucose (FDG)-Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) perfusion to provide markers of prognosis specific to the site and stage of colorectal cancer.

Methods: This prospective observational study comprised of participants with suspected colorectal cancer categorized as either (a) non-metastatic colon cancer (M0colon), (b) non-metastatic rectal cancer (M0rectum), or (c) metastatic colorectal cancer (M+). Combined FDG-PET/CT perfusion imaging was successfully performed in 286 participants (184 males, 102 females, age: 69.

Comparative analysis of various clinical specimens in detection of SARS-CoV-2 using rRT-PCR in new and follow up cases of COVID-19 infection: Quest for the best choice.

Background: An appropriate specimen is of paramount importance in Real Time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) based diagnosis of novel coronavirus (nCoV) disease (COVID-19). Thus, it's pertinent to evaluate various diversified clinical specimens' diagnostic utility in both diagnosis and follow-up of COVID-19.

Methods: A total of 924 initial specimens from 130 COVID-19 symptomatic cases before initiation of treatment and 665 follow up specimens from 15 randomly selected cases comprising of equal number of nasopharyngeal swab (NPS), oropharyngeal swab (OPS), combined NPS and OPS (Combined swab), sputum, plasma, serum and urine were evaluated by rRT-PCR.

Rare Calcifying Epithelial Odontogenic Tumor In A Hiv Positive Individual.

The calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumour (CEOT) is a rare but well recognized benign odontogenic tumour for any Pathologist. Histologically, it shows sheets of polyhedral epithelial cells with prominent intercellular bridges, hyperchromatic nuclei and globules of amyloid-like material among tumour cells which undergoes calcification. We present a case of CEOT with classical histopathological picture in a 37-year-old HIV positive patient with long evolution history.

Food for thought: addressing undernutrition to end tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis is the leading cause of deaths from an infectious disease worldwide. WHO's End TB Strategy is falling short of several 2020 targets. Undernutrition is the leading population-level risk factor for tuberculosis.

Implementation of a Myocardial Perfusion Imaging Risk Algorithm to Inform Appropriate Downstream Invasive Testing and Treatment.

Background: To risk stratify patients undergoing single-photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging (SPECT-MPI) in accordance with appropriate use criteria for referral to coronary angiography, we developed a risk classification algorithm incorporating appropriate use criteria-defined risk features. We evaluated the association between this algorithm with downstream angiography, revascularization, and all-cause mortality.

Methods: We studied consecutive patients who underwent SPECT-MPI from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2017, and assigned a scan risk of low, intermediate, high, or indeterminate.