Unveiling epilepsia partialis continua as an early indicator of HIV encephalitis.

A young male with no known addictions and comorbidities presenting with recurrent clonic-myoclonic movements, initially localized to the left corner of the mouth and left upper limb, evolving into epilepsia partialis continua, despite appropriate sequential antiepileptic medications, subsequently progressed to refractory status epilepticus. He was tested positive for HIV infection and his neuroimaging revealed nonenhancing lesions, a novel finding in HIV-related encephalitis. We managed him with intravenous immunoglobulin along with multiple antiepileptic medications and highly active antiretroviral therapy (ART), and he exhibited a rapid clinical recovery over 3 weeks.

A systematic review of AI-based chatbot usages in healthcare services.

Purpose: This systematic literature review aims to provide a comprehensive and structured synthesis of the existing knowledge about chatbots in healthcare from both a theoretical and methodological perspective.

Design/methodology/approach: To this end, a systematic literature review was conducted with 89 articles selected through a SPAR-4-SLR systematic procedure. The document for this systematic review was collected from Scopus database.

Corrigendum: Modeling flow in an anatomical cerebrovascular model with experimental validation.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2023.

Decoding Dual-Functionality in N-doped Defective Carbon: Unveiling Active Sites for Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalysis.

Oxygen electrocatalysis plays a pivotal role in energy conversion and storage technologies. The precise identification of active sites for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is crucial for developing an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst. However, this remains a challenging endeavor.

Primary intrarenal hemangioma - A series of 39 cases.

Intrarenal hemangiomas lack concise clinicopathologic information, due to the predominance of single case reports and inclusion of other vascular neoplasms and hemangiomas of perirenal, hilar, and renal vein origin. Herein, in this multi-institutional study we evaluate clinicopathologic features of 39 intrarenal hemangiomas. The median age was 62 years (range = 27-94 years; 2:1 male to female ratio), with left-sided predominance (left = 21, right = 13; one case was bilateral).

Genu valgum in children with primary hyperparathyroidism: A case series with a review of the literature.

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is relatively uncommon in children, and skeletal deformities due to it are even rarer in this age group. Less than 20 such cases have been reported in the English literature. We describe a case series of three patients who presented with genu valgum deformity and were found to have primary hyperparathyroidism on further evaluation.

A Comparative Analysis of the Value of HER2 Immunohistochemistry Scoring in Primary and Metastatic Breast Cancer, in the Era of HER2 "Low" Breast Cancers.

Background: In the DESTINY-B04 trial, patients with pretreated HER2 low metastatic breast cancer (defined as immunohistochemistry score of 1+ or 2+ and negative in situ hybridization) had significant survival improvement with Trastuzumab therapy.

Methods: The goal of our study was to compare the HER2 immunohistochemistry scores of paired primary and metastatic breast cancer, with emphasis on HER2 low criteria and its implications for detailed immunohistochemistry interpretation. Using the pathology database from 2011, we identified 272 cases of primary breast cancers with paired metastases.

Mild decarboxylation of neat muconic acid to levulinic acid: a combined experimental and computational mechanistic study.

Levulinic acid (LA) is a key platform molecule with current applications in the synthesis of several commodity chemicals, including amino-levulinic acid, succinic acid, and valerolactone. In contrast to existing petroleum-based synthesis pathway, biomass-derived --muconic acid (MA) offers a sustainable route to synthesize LA. Here, we show the complete decarboxylation of neat MA to LA without solvent at atmospheric pressure and mild temperature.

Streptococci Biotypes in Primary and Permanent Caries: A Case-Control Study.

Background And Aim: Streptococci, mainly mutans streptococci, are known as the causative microbes of dental caries, but there is limited clarity about their impact on the tooth level and the distribution of streptococci species in different dentition stages. This study evaluates the distribution of streptococci species in primary and permanent teeth in children and adolescents with caries.

Materials And Methods: The study population consisted of two groups: subjects with caries in primary teeth aged 2-5 years and adolescents with caries in permanent teeth aged 12-15 years.

Kidney Dimensions and its Correlation with Anthropometric Parameters in Healthy North Indian Adults.

Background: Knowledge of kidney size is important in the assessment of kidney function. Changes in kidney size can occur in various kidney diseases due to different causes, hence knowledge of normal kidney dimensions in a population is crucial for diagnosis, follow-up and prognostication. While data from other parts of the world does not apply to the Indian population due to differences in ethnicity, diet and body sizes, and there is also a lack of standardized data on normal kidney sizes in healthy Indian adults.

Antibacterial and antibiofilm potential of Thuja orientalis L. extract targeting cariogenic Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212: A combined in-vitro, in-silico study, and cytotoxicity screening.

Objectives: In this study, we explored the efficacy of methanolic extract of Thuja orientalis (TOME) as a novel antibacterial and antibiofilm agent against a cariogenic bacterium, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212.

Design: Antibacterial susceptibility studies were conducted and surface morphology analysis was performed using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Antibiofilm activity was evaluated through both qualitative and quantitative biofilm inhibition assays and validated by microscopic analysis.

Nucleophilic Dearomatization of Activated Pyridines Using Vinyl Sulfoxonium Ylides: Application to the Synthesis of -Heterocycles.

A highly efficient method has been developed for synthesizing 4-dienyl dihydropyridines through the nucleophilic dearomatization of activated pyridines using vinyl sulfoxonium ylides. This reaction follows the sequence involving ylide addition to activated pyridine, [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement, and subsequent sulfenic acid elimination. The resulting 4-dienyl dihydropyridines are then used in the synthesis of highly substituted -heterocyles.

Manifold roles of potassium in mediating drought tolerance in plants and its underlying mechanisms.

Drought stress (DS) is a major devastating factor affecting plant growth and development worldwide. Potassium (K) is considered a vigorous moiety and stress alleviator, which crop cultivars need for better yield. It is also helpful in alleviating the DS-induced negative consequences by regulating various morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms in plants.

Higher isoform of hnRNPA1 confer Temozolomide resistance in U87MG & LN229 glioma cells.

Background: Gliblastoma is a malignant brain tumor; despite available treatment modalities, the tumor reoccurrence rate persist in the currently prescribed Temozolomide chemotherapy. Study aimed to study the inquisitive role of RNA binding splice factor protein hnRNPA1 in promoting glioma resistance against Temozolomide drug and therapeutic insights.

Methods: In this study two non-expressing O-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) glioma cell lines U87MG & LN229.

Biodegradable cellulose nanocrystal composites doped with carbon dots for packaging and anticounterfeiting applications.

Developing sustainable and multifunctional materials is imperative for advancing anti-counterfeiting measures, sensing technologies, and intelligent packaging solutions. Concurrently, materials based on carbon dots (CDs) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are becoming established in such applications. Therefore, herein, we present the fabrication and characterization of water-based CDs and CNCs from (black lentil: BL).

Cervical Ganglio-neuroma, a Rare Neck Mass in Pediatric Age: A Case Report.

Ganglioneuromas (GN) are benign, slow-growing, non-invasive, and well differentiated neoplasms of neuroblastic origin. We reported a 4 year old girl who presented with a left lateral slow growing cervical neck mass. After surgical excision the tumour was sent for histopathological examination which confirmed ganglioneuroma.

Embracing the informative missingness and silent gene in analyzing biologically diverse samples.

Bioinformatics software tools are essential to identify informative molecular features that define different phenotypic sample groups. Among the most fundamental and interrelated tasks are missing value imputation, signature gene detection, and differential pattern visualization. However, many commonly used analytics tools can be problematic when handling biologically diverse samples if either informative missingness possess high missing rates with mixed missing mechanisms, or multiple sample groups are compared and visualized in parallel.

Dimly illuminated nights alter behavior and negatively affect fat metabolism in adult male zebra finches.

This experiment investigated the effects of an ecologically relevant level of dim light at night (dLAN) on behavior, physiology and fat metabolism associated gene expressions in central and peripheral tissues of adult male zebra finches that were hatched and raised in 12:12 h LD cycle (Ev, day = 150 ± 5 lx; Ev, night = 0 lx) at 22 ± 2 °C temperature. Half of the birds (n = 8) were maintained on LD cycle and temperature, as before (control), to the other half of birds the 12 h dark period was dimly illuminated at ~ 5 lx (dim light at night, dLAN; Ev, day = 150 ± 5 lx; Ev, night =  ~ 5 lx) for 6 weeks. The exposure to dLAN altered the 24 h activity and feeding patterns with enhanced activity and feeding at night.

Guillain-Barre syndrome following Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2) vaccination: a case report.

Introduction: Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2) is one of the mRNA vaccines currently approved by the WHO and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) against COVID-19.

Case Presentation: Here, the authors report a case of an 8-year-old female with Guillain-Barré syndrome following the second dose of Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2) vaccination requiring respiratory support who was managed with intravenous immunoglobulin.

Discussion: There have been reports of Guillain-Barré syndrome following the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccination.

Fighting to thrive via plant growth regulators: Green chemical strategies for drought stress tolerance.

As global climate change intensifies, the occurrence and severity of various abiotic stresses will significantly threaten plant health and productivity. Drought stress (DS) is a formidable obstacle, disrupting normal plant functions through specific morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms. Understanding how plants navigate DS is paramount to mitigating its adverse effects.

Controlled nucleation of ultrasmall MoO nanoparticles on defective graphene for enhanced ammonia efficiency.

Ultrasmall nanoparticles on nanocarbons enhance the electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction (NRR) efficiency. Herein, we demonstrate a novel method for depositing MoO nanoparticles on defective graphene, achieving a high faradaic efficiency (FE) of 43.1% at -0.

Exploring the epidemiology and awareness of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) among health sciences students in an academic health care institute in India.

Background: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) affects over 25 % of the global population, presenting a significant health challenge. It is often asymptomatic but linked to severe conditions like cirrhosis and liver cancer. Previous research indicates that people often underestimate MASLD risks.