Study of morphology with assessment of expression of proliferation marker Ki67 antigen and P53 protein in lesions of gall bladder.

Objective: To study the spectrum and distribution of histopathological changes and evaluate immunohistochemistry markers p53 protein and Ki67 antigen in various lesions of gall bladder.

Materials And Methods: A total of 804 consecutive gall bladder specimens were evaluated. Forty cases were selected for immunohistochemical analysis to evaluate expression of p53 and ki67 proliferation index, including 20 carcinoma gall bladder cases and 20 cases of inflammatory pathology associated with metaplasia, atypia, hyperplasia, dysplasia, and adenoma.

Widespread amyloid aggregates formation by Zika virus proteins and peptides.

Viral pathogenesis typically involves numerous molecular mechanisms. Protein aggregation is a relatively unknown characteristic of viruses, despite the fact that viral proteins have been shown to form terminally misfolded forms. Zika virus (ZIKV) is a neurotropic one with the potential to cause neurodegeneration.

Coronaviruses spike glycoprotein endodomains: The sequence and structure-based comprehensive study.

Any protein's flexibility or region makes it available to interact with many biomolecules in the cell. Specifically, such interactions in viruses help them to perform more functions despite having a smaller genome. Therefore, these flexible regions can be exciting and essential targets to be explored for their role in pathogenicity and therapeutic developments as they achieve essential interactions.

An Exposition on Surgical Experiences in Identification, Exposure, and Injuries of Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve (RLN) During Thyroid Operations: Gleanings, Narrative, and the Reflections.

Background: Identifying and preserving the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) is of paramount importance during thyroid surgeries. Iatrogenic injuries to RLN (RLNI) are considered one of the most serious and feared complications of thyroidectomies. Surgically, there are four routes/approaches (lateral, inferior, superior, and medial) for localizing and identifying the RLN.

Amyloidogenic proteins in the SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 proteomes.

The phenomenon of protein aggregation is associated with a wide range of human diseases. Our knowledge of the aggregation behaviour of viral proteins, however, is still rather limited. Here, we investigated this behaviour in the SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 proteomes.

The Emerging Surgical Concepts and Principles of Attic and Postero-Superior Wall Reconstruction by Auricular Cartilage and Free Fibro-Periosteal Tissue in Middle Ear Surgery. An Exposition on Surgical Experiences, Observations and Mistakes.

In middle ear surgeries, addressing the pathologies (cholesteatoma, retractions or tympanosclerosis) in attic or postero-superior area, are associated with difficulties like reconstruction of attic and postero-superior canal wall after clearing the disease. There are various graft materials available for such attic reconstruction in intact canal -wall surgeries. We describe our experience of attic and postero-superior canal wall reconstruction in combined approach tympanoplasty (CAT) using free auricular cartilage and free fibro-periosteal tissue and to present our results in anatomical and functional perspectives.

Evaluation of variable p16 immunostaining patterns, Ki-67 indices and HPV status in cervical SILs and squamous cell carcinomas: An institutional experience.

Objective: The present study evaluates the immunoexpression of p16 and Ki-67 in cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) and carcinomas and correlates their expression with clinicopathological features and HPV-DNA status.

Material And Methods: A total 36 included cases of SIL and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) were subjected to p16 and Ki-67 immunostaining. p16 staining was evaluated depending on grading, distribution, localization pattern, intensity and IHC score.

Extra-Rhino Cerebral Manifestations of Mucormycosis in Head and Neck Region: An Insight.

Mucormycosis is a potentially life-threatening fungal infection with a high mortality rate. The difficulty and delay in diagnosis due to its rarity usually results in a poor prognosis. Most common site in head and neck region is the nose and paranasal sinuses.

Prevalence of irregular red cell antibody in transfusion recipients vis-a-vis healthy blood donors attending a tertiary care hospital in North India.

Context: Alloimmunization by foreign red cell antigens is a matter of concern as it may lead to hemolysis in transfused patients as well as fetus of pregnant females.

Aims: This study aimed to perform a comparative analysis of prevalence and type of irregular antibodies in healthy donors, vis-a-vis blood transfusion recipients.

Settings And Design: Blood samples of 4000 individuals comprising healthy donors, exposed patients, and nonexposed patients were collected and were analyzed for irregular antibodies.

Role of structural disorder in the multi-functionality of flavivirus proteins.

Introduction: The life cycle of a virus involves interacting with the host cell, entry, hijacking host machinery for viral replication, evading the host's immune system, and releasing mature virions. However, viruses, being small in size, can only harbor a genome large enough to code for the minimal number of proteins required for the replication and maturation of the virions. As a result, many viral proteins are multifunctional machines that do not directly obey the classic structure-function paradigm.

Role of p53 and Ki-67 immunomarkers in carcinoma of urinary bladder.

Background: Urothelial carcinoma is common urinary malignancy responsible for a significant proportion of cancer morbidity and mortality. We carried out the present study to demonstrate the clinicohistopathological features and to correlate the p53 and Ki-67 immunoexpression with grade and stage of bladder carcinomas.

Materials And Methods: We investigated 110 cases of bladder tumor.

Diagnostic Utility of Epithelial Membrane Antigen (EMA) and Calretinin (CAL) in Effusion Cytology.

Introduction: Fluid cytology and subsequent utilization of immunocytology on cell block is being used commonly for increasing the diagnostic accuracy in effusion cytology.

Aim: To do cytological analysis of fluids and evaluate the role of Epithelial Membrane Antigen (EMA) and Calretinin (CAL) to differentiate between reactive and malignant cell in pleural and peritoneal fluids.

Materials And Methods: This was a prospective study carried out in Department of Pathology, Shri Guru Ram Rai Institue of Medical and Health Science, for a period of 18 months from January 2014 to June 2015.

Primary MPNST in Childhood- A Rare Case Report.

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour usually occurs between 20-50 years of age, comprising about 5-10% of soft tissue sarcomas. Only 1.7% of them have been reported to occur in children < 5 months of age according to the literature.

Diffuse intestinal submucosal lipomatosis with incidental epidermal inclusion cyst of caecum clinically masquerading as carcinoma caecum.

Symptomatic diffuse submucosal intestinal lipomatosis is a rare entity. Also few cases of epidermal inclusion cyst of caecum have been reported in literature. Here, we are presenting a rare case of intestinal submucosal lipomatosis with coincidence of epidermal inclusion cyst of caecum and presumptively diagnosed as carcinoma of ileocaecal region during surgery in a 55 years old male.

First branchial cleft anomaly: clinical insight into its relevance in otolaryngology with pediatric considerations.

First branchial cleft anomalies (FBCA) represent a small subset of congenital malformations in neck. Prime objective of this study is to share our experience with FBCA, emphasize its relevance in otolaryngology and deal with its pediatric perspective. Embryology, pathologic anatomy and varied spectra of clinical presentations of FBCA are discussed.