Synthesis and Characterization of CuZnSnSe by Non-Vacuum Method for Photovoltaic Applications.

Wet ball milling was used for the synthesis of CuZnSnSe (CZTSe) nanoparticles with a kesterite structure. The prepared nanoparticles were used for ink formulation. Surfactants and binders were added to improve the ink stability, prevent agglomeration, and enhance ink adhesion.

Fabrication of CuZnSnS Light Absorber Using a Cost-Effective Mechanochemical Method for Photovoltaic Applications.

In the present study, we adopt an easy and cost-effective route for preparing CuZnSnS (CZTS)-absorber nanoparticles by a mechanochemical method using non-toxic and environmentally benign solvents (butanol, methyl ethyl ketone, and ethanol). The gram-scale synthesis of absorber nanoparticles was achieved in a non-hazardous, zero-waste process without using high-vacuum equipment. The effects of annealing and Na incorporation on the properties of spin-coated CZTS thin films were scrutinized.