Copper Dyshomeostasis And Diabetic Complications: Chelation Strategies For Management.

Cuproptosis, An Emerging Concept In The Field Of Diabetes Research, Presents A Novel And Promising Perspective For The Effective Management Of Diabetes Mellitus And Its Associated Complications. Diabetes, Characterized By Chronic Hyperglycemia, Poses A Substantial Global Health Burden, With An Increasing Prevalence Worldwide. Despite Significant Progress In Our Understanding Of This Complex Metabolic Disorder, Optimal Therapeutic Strategies Still Remain Elusive.

Unveiling the therapeutic potential of a mutated paraoxonase 2 in diabetic retinopathy: Defying glycation, mitigating oxidative stress, ER stress and inflammation.

Paraoxonase 2 (PON2) is an intracellular anti-oxidant protein ubiquitously expressed in all cells and reduces reactive oxygen species, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, further improves mitochondrial function and thereby shows anti-apoptotic function. In diabetes and its complications this PON gets glycated and becomes in effective. The PON activity is reported to be reduced in diabetic retinopathy and we have earlier showed Carboxy methyl lysine (AGE) decreased PON2 expression and activity in Human retinal endothelial cells (HREC) .

Diagnostic efficacy of elevated serum angiotensin-converting enzyme and lymphopenia between presumed sarcoid uveitis and presumed tubercular uveitis.

Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of elevated serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (sACE) and lymphopenia in presumed sarcoid and tubercular uveitis.

Methods: A single-centre retrospective study was conducted on a cohort of 755 adult patients with uveitis between January 2019 and June 2020. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were retrieved from our hospital database.

Paraoxonase 2 protects against the CML mediated mitochondrial dysfunction through modulating JNK pathway in human retinal cells.

Background: Paraoxonase 2 (PON2) a known anti-apoptotic protein, has not been explored against N-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in human retinal cells. Hence this present study aims to investigate the potential role of PON2 in mitigating CML-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in these cells.

Methods: PON2 protein was quantified in HRECs (Human retinal endothelial cells), ARPE-19 (Retinal pigment epithelial cells) cells upon CML treatment and also in cadaveric diabetic retina vs respective controls.

Exogenous administration of hydrogen sulfide alleviates homocysteine induced inflammation in ARPE-19 cells.

Plasma homocysteine (Hcy) is an independent risk factor for Age related macular degeneration (AMD) and an inducer of inflammation. Homocysteine catabolism releases hydrogen sulfide (HS). HS has controversial effects on inflammation.

RAGE silencing deters CML-AGE induced inflammation and TLR4 expression in endothelial cells.

The N-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), the predominant advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in diabetes and its RAGE induced cytokine release has been well explored. But the CML mediated multiple AGEs receptor expression is still not understood and the role played by RAGE silencing in modulating CML generated pro-inflammatory cytokines in micro and macrovascular endothelial cells is yet to be studied. HUVEC and HREC cells were exposed with CML for 24 h.

Effect of advanced glycation end product on paraoxonase 2 expression: Its impact on endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation in HUVECs.

Background: Paraoxonase (PON), an antioxidant enzyme, comprises of three members (PON1, 2 and 3). Hyperglycemia accelerates formation of AGE in diabetes which mediates endothelial dysfunction. PON1 is studied in diabetes due to its association with HDL, lipid peroxidation and vascular complications but PON2 is not explored much.

Ocular distribution of antioxidant enzyme paraoxonase & its alteration in cataractous lens & diabetic retina.

Background & Objectives: The enzyme paraoxonase (PON), an antioxidant enzyme that has both arylesterase and thiolactonase activity, is well studied in cardiovascular diseases. Although a few studies have shown altered PON activity in ocular diseases such as age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy, but the tissue-wise expression of PON in its three gene forms has not been studied. This study was conducted to see the ocular distribution of PON for any altered expression in ocular pathologies such as in cataract and diabetes mellitus.