Effect of Adequate Thyroid Hormone Replacement on the Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis in Premenopausal Women with Primary Hypothyroidism.

Background: While the effects of thyroxine (T) replacement on improving gonadal function in hypothyroid men has been well documented, the same has not been adequately studied in hypothyroid premenopausal women.

Methodology: Premenopausal women with overt hypothyroidism (thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH] > 15 IU/L) were tested in the early follicular phase of their natural menstrual cycles or after a progesterone challenge for gonadotropins, estradiol (E), and prolactin (PRL). They were then treated adequately with T replacement and retested under similar circumstances for the same parameters ≥2 months after the restoration of euthyroidism.

Heterogenous origins of hyperandrogenism in the polycystic ovary syndrome in relation to body mass index and insulin resistance.

Background: Insulin resistance and obesity are not universal features of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). We planned to assess the differences between patients with nonobese /insulin-sensitive phenotype vs. obese/ insulin-resistant phenotype in terms of the potential mechanisms underlying their hyperandrogenism.

Atypical Parathyroid Adenoma with Multiple Brown Tumors as Initial Presentation: A Rare Entity.

Brown tumors seen in hyperparathyroidism are rare, non-neoplastic lesions because of abnormal bone metabolism, and they can mimic benign bone tumors or malignancy. Although biopsy is considered as the gold standard for diagnosis, it can be inconclusive. As the diagnosis of brown tumors is often challenging, a high index of suspicion is essential for diagnosis.