Prevalence of Multidrug Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Clinical Specimens in Tertiary Care Hospital.

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen, which causes nosocomial infections in human. The rapid increase in drug resistance of this pathogen is a global concern. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical burden of P.

Invasive Is the Sole Etiological Agent for CSOM : A Clinical Case from Nepal.

causing chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is rare in immunocompetent people; however, it can occur as a significant opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised patients. Here, in our study, a 53-year-old diabetic patient having a history of CSOM visited the Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (ENT-HNS), Tribhuvan University and Teaching Hospital (TUTH), Nepal, in March 2016. Although he was on medication with an antibacterial ear drop from the last 10 days, his right ear was presented with otorrhea, pruritus, otalgia, aural fullness, hearing impairment, and tinnitus from the last 3-4 months.

CFP-1 interacts with HDAC1/2 complexes in C. elegans development.

CXXC finger binding protein 1 (CFP-1) is an evolutionarily conserved protein that binds to non-methylated CpG-rich promoters in mammals and Caenorhabditis elegans. This conserved epigenetic regulator is part of the COMPASS complex that contains the H3K4me3 methyltransferase SET1 in mammals and SET-2 in C. elegans.

Isolation of Multidrug Resistant Bacteria from Patients Medical Charts.

Background: Patient's medical charts in hospitals are potentially contaminated by pathogenic bacteria and might act as vehicles for transmission of bacterial infections.This study was aimed to determine the rate of contamination of medical charts by multidrug resistant bacteria.

Methods: Sampling of total 250 patient's medical charts from different wards was done with the help of cotton swabs soaked in sterile normal saline.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clinical Isolates in Nepal Coproducing Metallo-β-Lactamases and 16S rRNA Methyltransferases.

A total of 11 multidrug-resistant clinical isolates were obtained in Nepal. Four of these isolates harbored genes encoding one or more carbapenemases (DIM-1, NDM-1, and/or VIM-2), and five harbored genes encoding a 16S rRNA methyltransferase (RmtB4 or RmtF2). A novel RmtF variant, RmtF2, had a substitution (K65E) compared with the same gene in RmtF.

Isolation, speciation and antifungal susceptibility testing of Candida isolates from various clinical specimens at a tertiary care hospital, Nepal.

Background: Candida species are responsible for various clinical infections ranging from mucocutaneous infection to life threatening invasive diseases along with increased resistance to antifungal drugs has made a serious concern. Resistance to antifungal agents has increased during the last decade. Thus, identification of Candida up to species level and its antifungal susceptibility testing has a paramount significance in the management of Candidal infections.

High burden of antimicrobial resistance among gram negative bacteria causing healthcare associated infections in a critical care unit of Nepal.

Background: Healthcare associated infections (HCAI) and antimicrobial resistance are principal threats to the patients of intensive care units and are the major determining factors for patient outcome. They are associated with increased morbidity, mortality, excess hospitalization and financial costs. The present study is an attempt to investigate the spectrum and antimicrobial resistance of bacterial isolates involved in healthcare associated infections (HCAI) in the patients of a critical care unit at a tertiary care university hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal.

Disseminated Nocardiosis in renal transplant recipient under therapy for pulmonary tuberculosis: a case report.

Background: Nocardiosis is an opportunistic infection in a patient with underlying immune suppression and organ transplant. Clinical syndromes are varied and ranges from pulmonary, disseminated, cutaneous along with central nervous system involvement.

Case Presentation: Herein, we report a rare case of disseminated pulmonary nocardiosis with cerebral manifestation in a 66 year-old-Nepali farmer; with a history of renal transplantation and undergoing therapy for pulmonary tuberculosis.

PER-8, a Novel Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase PER Variant, from an Acinetobacter baumannii Clinical Isolate in Nepal.

A novel PER-type extended-spectrum β-lactamase, PER-8, was identified in an clinical isolate obtained in Nepal. The amino acid sequence of PER-8 has a substitution at position 39 (Gly to Glu) compared with that of PER-7. The / ratio of PER-8 for aztreonam was lower than that of PER-7, while the / ratio of PER-8 for imipenem was higher than that of PER-7.

Clinicomycological Characterization of Superficial Mycoses from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Nepal.

. Superficial mycosis is a common fungal infection worldwide, mainly caused by dermatophytes. However, the prevalence of species varies geographically.

Nosocomial Isolates and Their Drug Resistant Pattern in ICU Patients at National Institute of Neurological and Allied Sciences, Nepal.

Multidrug resistant organisms are increasing day by day and the cause is poorly known. This study was carried out from June 2011 to May 2012 at National Institute of Neurological and Allied Sciences Kathmandu, Nepal, with a view to determining drug resistant pathogens along with detection of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), AmpC β-lactamase (ABL), and metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) producing bacteria causing infection to ICU patients. A standard methodology was used to achieve these objectives as per recommendation of American Society for Microbiology.

A Novel 6'-N-Aminoglycoside Acetyltransferase, AAC(6')-Ial, from a Clinical Isolate of Serratia marcescens.

Serratia marcescens IOMTU115 has a novel 6'-N-aminoglycoside acetyltransferase-encoding gene, aac(6')-Ial. The encoded protein AAC(6')-Ial has 146 amino acids, with 91.8% identity to the amino acid sequence of AAC(6')-Ic in S.

Identification of a novel NDM variant, NDM-13, from a multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli clinical isolate in Nepal.

A novel New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase, NDM-13, was identified in a carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli clinical isolate obtained from the urine of a patient in Nepal. The enzymatic activity of NDM-13 against β-lactams was similar to that of NDM-1. However, NDM-13 displayed significantly higher k cat/Km ratios for cefotaxime.

Identification of a novel 6'-N-aminoglycoside acetyltransferase, AAC(6')-Iak, from a multidrug-resistant clinical isolate of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia.

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia IOMTU250 has a novel 6'-N-aminoglycoside acetyltransferase-encoding gene, aac(6')-Iak. The encoded protein, AAC(6')-Iak, consists of 153 amino acids and has 86.3% identity to AAC(6')-Iz.

NDM-12, a novel New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase variant from a carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli clinical isolate in Nepal.

A novel New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase variant, NDM-12, was identified in a carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli clinical isolate obtained from a urine sample from a patient in Nepal. NDM-12 differed from NDM-1 by two amino acid substitutions (M154L and G222D). The enzymatic activities of NDM-12 against β-lactams were similar to those of NDM-1, although NDM-12 showed lower kcat/Km ratios for all β-lactams tested except doripenem.

High prevalence of Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) genes in nosocomial-acquired Staphylococcus aureus isolated from tertiary care hospitals in Nepal.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carrying the important virulence determinant, Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), is an emerging infectious pathogen associated with skin and soft tissue infections as well as life-threatening invasive diseases. In carrying out the first PVL prevalence study in Nepal, we screened 73 nosocomial isolates of S. aureus from 2 tertiary care Nepali hospitals and obtained an overall PVL-positivity rate of 35.

NDM-1 Metallo-β-Lactamase and ArmA 16S rRNA methylase producing Providencia rettgeri clinical isolates in Nepal.

Background: Drug-resistant Providencia rettgeri producing metallo-β-lactamase and 16S rRNA methylase has been reported in several countries. We analyzed P. rettgeri clinical isolates with resistance to carbapenems and aminoglycosides in a hospital in Nepal.