Role of qualitative contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the diagnosis of malignant breast lesions.

Background: Carcinoma breast is the commonest cancer among women. Various authors have studied breast cancer with Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) with promising results. Despite promising results, the additional cost of post-processing software limits its availability.

ATR-mediated CD47 and PD-L1 up-regulation restricts radiotherapy-induced immune priming and abscopal responses in colorectal cancer.

Radiotherapy (RT) of colorectal cancer (CRC) can prime adaptive immunity against tumor-associated antigen (TAA)-expressing CRC cells systemically. However, abscopal tumor remissions are extremely rare, and the postirradiation immune escape mechanisms in CRC remain elusive. Here, we found that irradiated CRC cells used ATR-mediated DNA repair signaling pathway to up-regulate both CD47 and PD-L1, which through engagement of SIRPα and PD-1, respectively, prevented phagocytosis by antigen-presenting cells and thereby limited TAA cross-presentation and innate immune activation.

Catastrophic Anti-Phospholipid Syndrome in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Tsunami in the Ocean.

Unlabelled: Antiphospholipid anti body syndrome is an autoimmune disorder characterized by arterial or venous thrombosis and/or pregnancy morbidity with foetal deaths or abortions in the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies. Catastrophic antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (CAPS) is an accelerated form of disease with rapid involvement of multiple organ systems often posing a diagnostic challenge. There is a paucity of literature on the presentations of CAPS owing to the orphan nature of the disease.

Cases of catastrophic anti-phospholipid syndrome in systemic lupus erythematosus: An experience.

Anti-phospholipid syndrome is an autoimmune disorder characterized by episodes of arterial and/or venous thrombosis and/or pregnancy morbidity in the presence of anti-phospholipid antibodies. Catastrophic anti-phospholipid syndrome is an accelerated form of the disease with rapid involvement of multiple organ systems often posing a diagnostic challenge. There is a paucity of literature on the myriad presentations of catastrophic anti-phospholipid syndrome owing to the orphan nature of the disease.

Ketamine infusion as a sedative-analgesic in severe ARDS (KISS).

Rationale: Ketamine has been used as a sedative analgesic in trauma setting, but data regarding its efficacy and safety is lacking in severe ARDS. This retrospective study aims to determine if Ketamine is safer as a sedative agent in mechanically ventilated patients. During the COVID pandemic, as there was a shortage of sedative agents, Ketamine was used.

Biomechanical Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells in the Developing Embryo.

Purpose Of Review: The contribution of biomechanical forces to hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) development in the embryo is a relatively nascent area of research. Herein, we address the biomechanics of the endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT), impact of force on organelles, and signaling triggered by extrinsic forces within the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM), the primary site of HSC emergence.

Recent Findings: Hemogenic endothelial cells undergo carefully orchestrated morphological adaptations during EHT.

EEG power spectrum analysis for schizophrenia during mental activity.

Cognitive dysfunction is a core defect for schizophrenia subjects. This is due to structural and functional abnormalities of the brain which can be determined using Electroencephalogram (EEG). The objective of this study is to analyze EEG in patients with schizophrenia using power spectral density during mental activity.

Clinical Spectrum of Central Nervous System Tuberculosis and the Efficacy of Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program in its Management.

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global problem and poses a threat which is of considerable magnitude, with an estimated one-third of the population infected with TB bacillus.

Aim: The aim of this study is to study the treatment outcomes in patients with various forms of neurological TB treated with the standardized Revised National TB Control Program (RNTCP), directly observed treatment short-course (DOTS).

Materials And Methods: Patients diagnosed to have TBM, tuberculoma with or without spinal arachnoiditis (central nervous system tuberculosis-TB [CNS-TB]) were categorized as per the RNTCP guidelines and received DOTS Category I or Category II thrice-weekly intermittent treatment as deemed appropriate.

Erythrocyte membrane in the evaluation of neurodegenerative disorders.

Neurodegenerative diseases have many similar pathological conditions, and very few studies exist which detail their molecular features. Proteins like Na/K-ATPase (NKA), α-spectrin (SPTA) and drebrin have been reported to be involved in the integrity of neuronal cell membrane and their functions. Furthermore, recent studies have highlighted their implication in neurodegeneration.

Evaluation of MR perfusion abnormalities in organophosphorus poisoning and its correlation with SPECT.

Aim: Acute organophosphate (OP) pesticide poisoning causes substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. Many imaging modalities, such as computerized tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) of the brain, have been used for quantitative assessment of the acute brain insult caused by acute OP poisoning. Perfusion defects on SPECT in acutely poisoned patients with OPs have been described, however, MR perfusion abnormalities have not been described in the literature.

Geographic and Research Center Origins of Rice Resistance to Asian Planthoppers and Leafhoppers: Implications for Rice Breeding and Gene Deployment.

This study examines aspects of virulence to resistant rice varieties among planthoppers and leafhoppers. Using a series of resistant varieties, brown planthopper, , virulence was assessed in seedlings and early-tillering plants at seven research centers in South and East Asia. Virulence of the whitebacked planthopper, , in Taiwan and the Philippines was also assessed.

The Madras Institute of Neurology, Madras Medical College, Chennai.

The Madras Medical College and its affiliated Government General Hospital, Chennai, are among the oldest medical institutions in India. The Madras Institute of Neurology (MIN) was the second neurosciences department to be started in India. The MIN has trained several batches of illustrious neurologists and neurosurgeons.

Molecular characterization of brinjal shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) based on mitochondrial marker cytochrome oxidase I and their phylogenetic relationship.

Shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis is an important insect pest infesting brinjal or eggplant in India. Molecular characterization of nine different populations belonging to various brinjal growing regions was done using Cytochorome C Oxidase I (COI) gene. Nucleotide analysis of genetic diversity and phylogenetic analysis of the COI indicate that the L.

A simple bedside test to assess the swallowing dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.

Background: Swallowing changes are common in Parkinson's disease (PD). Early identification is essential to avoid complications of aspiration.

Objectives: To evaluate the swallowing ability of the PD patients and to correlate it with the indicators of disease progression.

Uncommon presentation of a common disorder.

We report about a young male who presented with generalized muscle stiffness, involving the limb, facial, and paraspinal muscles. The stiffness was severe enough to restrict all his daily activities, progressively increased with movements and also produced recurrent falls. This clinical picture resembled one of stiff person syndrome.

Evaluating dental awareness and periodontal health status in different socioeconomic groups in the population of Sundernagar, Himachal Pradesh, India.

Context: Survey.

Aims: To evaluate dental awareness and periodontal health status in different socioeconomic groups in the population of Sundernagar, Himachal Pradesh, India.

Settings And Design: Cross-sectional study.

Glycogen storage disease type V (Mc Ardle's disease): a report on three cases.

McArdle's disease (myophosphorylase deficiency), an uncommon autosomal recessive metabolic disorder, is characterized clinically by exercise intolerance beginning in childhood, myalgia, cramps, exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis, "second wind" phenomenon, elevated Creatine Kinase (CK) levels at rest, and previous episodes of raised CK levels following exercise. Several mutations in the PYGM gene and geographic variations have been described. We report three biopsy confirmed cases of McArdle's disease.

Binding of porphyrins by the tumor-specific lectin, jacalin [Jack fruit (Artocarpus integrifolia) agglutinin].

Jacalin (Artocarpus integrifolia agglutinin) specifically recognizes the tumor-associated T-antigenic disaccharide structure, Gal beta13GalNAc. Porphyrins and their derivatives are currently used as photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy to treat malignant tumors. In this study, the interaction of several free base porphyrins and their metal derivatives with jacalin is investigated by absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy.

Guillain Barre syndrome-electrodiagnostic features and therapeutic observations.

Thirty seven patients with Guillain Barre syndrome were studied. The most common electrophysiologic abnormalities were delayed or absent Median nerve F wave (93.3%), increase in posterior tibial nerve distal latency (91.