Preproinsulin specific CD8+ T cells in subjects with latent autoimmune diabetes show lower frequency and different pathophysiological characteristics than those with type 1 diabetes.

Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) resembles type 1 diabetes (T1D) in disease presentation except that its onset is slow. We compared pathophysiological characteristics of CD8+ T cells recognizing preproinsulin (PPI) derived epitopes in both disease groups using MHC-I dextramers (DMRs) in peripheral blood and after in-vitro stimulation with PPI. Subjects with T1D harbored higher frequency of DMR+ CD8+ T cells with relatively higher frequency of effector T cell subsets.

Prostatic hyperplasia in acromegaly, a myth or reality: a case-control study.

Context: Disorders of the prostate gland are more prevalent in patients with acromegaly. GH-insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) axis plays an additive role in prostatic growth and development.

Objective: To correlate the structural and histopathological changes of the prostate and prostatic symptoms with GH/IGF1 in patients with acromegaly.

Prevalence of diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors in middle-class urban participants in India.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of diabetes and awareness, treatment and control of cardiovascular risk factors in population-based participants in India.

Methods: A study was conducted in 11 cities in different regions of India using cluster sampling. Participants were evaluated for demographic, biophysical, and biochemical risk factors.

Bone mineral metabolism and bone mineral density in alcohol related and idiopathic chronic pancreatitis.

Background: There is limited information on the bone mineral metabolism in patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP).

Methods: 103 patients with CP (all males: mean age 38.6 ± 20.

Prevalence and risk factors of development of peripheral diabetic neuropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus in a tertiary care setting.

Aims/introduction: The study was carried out to assess the prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), compare the prevalence between known diabetes mellitus (KDM) and newly detected diabetes mellitus (NDDM), identify risk factors associated, its prevalence pattern and to assess if any sex-specific differences are present.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital. Patients with duration of diabetes ≤6 months were considered to be NDDM.

Efficacy and safety of autologous bone marrow derived hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with type 2 DM: A 15 months follow-up study.

Background: there are dearths of studies describing the effect of autologous bone marrow derived stem cell transplantation (ABMSCT) through targeted approach in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. This study reports the efficacy and safety of super-selective injection of ABMSCT in T2DM.

Materials And Methods: Ten patients (8 men and 2 women) with T2DM, with duration of disease >5 years and with documented triple drug failure receiving insulin (0.

Results from a dietary survey in an Indian T2DM population: a STARCH study.

Objective: To assess the dietary total and complex carbohydrate (CHO) contents in type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) participants in India.

Setting: We enrolled 796 participants in this cross-sectional, single-visit, multicentre, two-arm, single-country survey. Participants were enrolled from 10 specialty endocrinology/dialectology centres from five regions of India.

Addressing barriers to effective basal insulin therapy.

Diabetes has reached epidemic proportions worldwide. It is a major health hazard particularly in developing countries like India due to the genetic susceptibility and changes in lifestyle. Glycaemic control is very poor in India as reflected by recent studies showing average HbA1c of > 9%.

Sensitivity and specificity of nonmydriatic digital imaging in screening diabetic retinopathy in Indian eyes.

Background: Nonmydriatic digital imaging (NMDI) is ideal for screening diabetic retinopathy (DR), but its use in Indian eyes has not been evaluated.

Aim: The aim was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of NMDI as a screening tool in detecting DR in Indian eyes.

Design: A prospective, nonrandomized, noncomparative, noninterventional study.

Predictors of atypical femoral fractures during long term bisphosphonate therapy: a case series & review of literature.

Background & Objectives: Bisphosphonates (BPs) are the most widely prescribed medicines for the treatment of osteoporosis because of their efficacy and favourable safety profile. There have been, several reports on an increased incidence of atypical femoral fractures after long term treatment with BPs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical presentation including prodromal symptoms, skeletal radiograph findings, type and duration of BPs received and treatment outcome of patients who developed atypical femoral fractures during bisphosphonate therapy.

Glycemic control among individuals with self-reported diabetes in India--the ICMR-INDIAB Study.

Aims: This study estimated the levels of glycemic control among subjects with self-reported diabetes in urban and rural areas of four regions in India.

Research Design And Methods: Phase I of the Indian Council of Medical Research-India Diabetes (ICMR-INDIAB) Study was conducted in a representative population of three states of India (Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, and Jharkhand) and one Union Territory (Chandigarh) and covering a population of 213 million people. Using a stratified multistage sampling design, individuals ≥20 years of age were recruited.

Choice of fluid therapy in patients of craniopharyngioma in the perioperative period: A hospital-based preliminary study.

Background: Electrolyte imbalance and acute diabetes insipidus (DI) are the most common complications in patients undergoing craniopharyngioma surgery. Improper management of water and electrolyte imbalance is common cause of morbidity and mortality. Data is sparse and controversial regarding the choice of fluid therapy in this population during perioperative period.

Prevalence of and risk factors for hypertension in urban and rural India: the ICMR-INDIAB study.

The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of hypertension (HTN) and its risk factors in urban and rural India. In Phase I of the Indian Council of Medical Research-India Diabetes (ICMR-INDIAB) study, individuals aged ⩾20 years were surveyed using a stratified multistage sampling design, in three states (Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra and Jharkhand) and one union territory (Chandigarh) of India. Blood pressure was measured in all study subjects (n=14 059).

Changes in clinical & biochemical presentations of primary hyperparathyroidism in India over a period of 20 years.

Background & Objectives: With the advent of serum chemistry autoanalyzer and routine estimation of serum calcium as a part of annual physical examination, there has been a dramatic change in the presentation of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) from symptomatic to asymptomatic disease in the United States. However, such trend has not been documented from India. We carried out this retrospective study to analyse the changes in clinical presentations of PHPT patients over a period of two decades in a tertiary care centre in north India.

Comparison of 18F-FDG and 68Ga DOTATATE PET/CT in localization of tumor causing oncogenic osteomalacia.

Background: Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome, usually caused by small benign mesenchymal tumors. The localization of these tumors is challenging, however, essential for the management. We compared the utility of F-FDG PET/CT and Ga DOTATATE PET/CT to detect the site of primary tumor in patients with suspicion of TIO.

Cholesterol lipoproteins and prevalence of dyslipidemias in urban Asian Indians: a cross sectional study.

Objective: To determine levels of cholesterol lipoproteins and prevalence of dyslipidemias in urban Asian Indians.

Methods: Population based 6123 subjects (men 3388) were evaluated. Mean±1SD of various cholesterol lipoproteins (total, HDL, LDL and non-HDL cholesterol) and triglycerides were reported.

Comparison of sonographically guided percutaneous sodium tetradecyl sulfate injection with ethanol injection in the treatment of benign nonfunctioning thyroid nodules.

Purpose: To compare the efficacy of percutaneous sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS) injection with ethanol injection in the treatment of benign nonfunctioning thyroid nodules.

Materials And Methods: This prospective study included 47 patients with 50 benign thyroid nodules. The lesions were randomly assigned into two groups: 20 in the ethanol arm and 30 in the STS arm.

Knowledge and awareness of diabetes in urban and rural India: The Indian Council of Medical Research India Diabetes Study (Phase I): Indian Council of Medical Research India Diabetes 4.

Background: Representative data on knowledge and awareness about diabetes is scarce in India and is extremely important to plan public health policies aimed at preventing and controlling diabetes.

Aim: The aim of the following study is to assess awareness and knowledge about diabetes in the general population, as well as in individuals with diabetes in four selected regions of India.

Materials And Methods: The study subjects were drawn from a representative sample of four geographical regions of India, Chandigarh, Tamil Nadu, Jharkhand and Maharashtra representing North, South, East and West and covering a population of 213 million.

A Multicenter, Prospective, Randomized, Double-blind Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Saroglitazar 2 and 4 mg Compared to Pioglitazone 45 mg in Diabetic Dyslipidemia (PRESS V).

Dual PPARα/γ can improve both metabolic effects and minimized the side effects caused by either PPARα or PPARγ agonist. The PRESS V study was aimed to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of saroglitazar 2 mg and 4 mg capsules (Lipaglyn™; Zydus Code: ZYH1) as compared to high dose pioglitazone in patients with diabetic dyslipidemia. In this 26-week double-blind, parallel arm, phase 3 study patients with hypertriglyceridemia with type 2 diabetes mellitus (BMI > 23 kg/m; hypertriglyceridemia: TG > 200 to 400 mg/dL; glycosylated hemoglobin [HbA] >7 to 9%) were enrolled from 14 sites in India.

Diabetes mellitus and risk of dementia: A meta-analysis of prospective observational studies.

Aims/introduction: The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between diabetes and the risk of all type dementia (ATD), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD).

Materials And Methods: Prospective observational studies describing the incidence of ATD, AD and VaD in patients with diabetes mellitus were extracted from PubMed, EMBASE and other databases up to January 2012. Pooled relative risk (RR) estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the random-effects model.

Amiodarone induced hyponatremia masquerading as syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion by anaplastic carcinoma of prostate.

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) is one of the most common causes of hyponatremia. The usual causes are malignancies, central nervous system, pulmonary disorders, and drugs. Amiodarone is a broad spectrum antiarrhythmic agent widely used in the management of arrhythmias.

Prevalence of dyslipidemia in urban and rural India: the ICMR-INDIAB study.

Aim: To study the pattern and prevalence of dyslipidemia in a large representative sample of four selected regions in India.

Methods: Phase I of the Indian Council of Medical Research-India Diabetes (ICMR-INDIAB) study was conducted in a representative population of three states of India [Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra and Jharkhand] and one Union Territory [Chandigarh], and covered a population of 213 million people using stratified multistage sampling design to recruit individuals ≥20 years of age. All the study subjects (n = 16,607) underwent anthropometric measurements and oral glucose tolerance tests were done using capillary blood (except in self-reported diabetes).

Changes in parathyroid proteome in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism due to sporadic parathyroid adenomas.

Purpose: The pathogenesis of parathyroid tumours is only partially understood. A direct approach using proteomics could be a promising tool to increase our understanding of parathyroid tumorigenesis. The aim of the study was to investigate differentially expressed proteins to explore the underlying molecular basis of the disease and identify potential target proteins responsible for the genesis of adenoma.

Effect of gender, biochemical parameters & parathyroid surgery on gastrointestinal manifestations of symptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism.

Background & Objectives: Information on gastrointestinal manifestations and then response after curative parathyroid surgery is scarce in symptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). This study was carried out to analyse gastrointestinal manifestations in patients with PHPT and their associations with biochemical parameters.

Methods: This retrospective study included 153 patients with symptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT).