Centering community-based maternal and child nutrition services in Bangladesh's rural primary healthcare: what has potential to scale.

Introduction: The extensive network of community health workers in rural Bangladesh has the potential to deliver maternal and child nutrition services, while promoting linkages with healthcare facilities. A strategy for strengthening community-based nutrition services was developed and tested.

Methods: The three-phased strategy included review of existing community-based systems, co-designing service package with multi-sector government representatives, and testing implementation feasibility.

Dietary interventions for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in childhood and adolescence: A systematic review.

Aims: Despite the alarming increasing incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in children and young People (CYP), and its associated morbidities and poor long-term prognosis, there remains uncertainty in its management. Dietary interventions have been shown to be effective in adults with T2DM, but little is known about their effectiveness in CYP. The aim of this systematic review is to provide up-to-date evidence regarding dietary interventions for T2DM in childhood and adolescence.

Design, Synthesis and in vitro Evaluation of Primaquine and Diaminoquinazoline Hybrid Molecules Against the Malaria Parasite.

In this study, we built on the known inhibitory potential of diaminoquinazolines (DAQs) against different stages of Plasmodium development and designed a convenient two-step synthesis to combine DAQ with primaquine (PQ) pharmacophore. The PQ-DAQ hybrids displayed potent in vitro activities in the low nanomolar range (IC 135.20-398.

A 2-Year Outcomes and Complications of Various Techniques of Lumbar Discectomy: A Multicentric Prospective Study.

Study Design: Prospective Study.

Objectives: There are numerous techniques for performing lumbar discectomy, each with its own rationale and stated benefits. The authors set out to evaluate and compare the perioperative variables, results, and complications of each treatment in a group of patients provided by ten hospitals and operated on by experienced surgeons.

Right message, right medium, right time: powering counseling to improve maternal, infant, and young child nutrition in South Asia.

Introduction: Quality counseling can positively impact maternal, infant and young child nutrition (MIYCN) behaviors linked to poor nutrition outcomes. Global guidance includes 93 recommendations on MIYCN counseling.

Methods: A desk review and key informant interviews sought to assess compliance to the recommendations, reach and quality, systemic gaps and opportunities for MIYCN counseling in seven South Asian countries.

Crystal structures of non-uracil ring fragments in complex with Mycobacterium tuberculosis uracil DNA glycosylase (MtUng) as a starting point for novel inhibitor design: A case study with the barbituric acid fragment.

Uracil DNA glycosylase (UDG or Ung) is a key enzyme involved in uracil excision from the DNA as a repair mechanism. Designing Ung inhibitors is thus a promising strategy to treat different cancers and infectious diseases. The uracil ring and its derivatives have been shown to inhibit Mycobacterium tuberculosis Ung (MtUng), resulting from specific and strong binding with the uracil-binding pocket (UBP).

Basic Nitrogen (BaN) Is a Key Property of Antimalarial Chemical Space.

Most antimalarials are based on basic -heterocycles and possess amine functionalities. Despite this, the role of basic nitrogen (BaN) in antimalarial drug design has not been studied systematically. Our cheminformatics analysis indicates that BaN is an important feature of antimalarial space.

Acute pancreatitis in children - morbidity and outcomes at 1 year.

Objective: To establish short-term and medium-term complications 1-year postdiagnosis, of acute pancreatitis (AP) in children aged 0-14 years.

Design: One-year follow-up of a prospective monthly surveillance of new cases of AP in children under 15 years through the British Paediatric Surveillance Unit (BPSU) from April 2013 to April 2014.

Setting: A monthly surveillance of >3700 consultant paediatricians and paediatric surgeons in the UK and Ireland using the BPSU.

Neuroprotective role of nitric oxide inhalation and nitrite in a Neonatal Rat Model of Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury.

Background: There is evidence from various models of hypoxic-ischemic injury (HII) that nitric oxide (NO) is protective. We hypothesized that either inhaled NO (iNO) or nitrite would alleviate brain injury in neonatal HII via modulation of mitochondrial function.

Methods: We tested the effects of iNO and nitrite on the Rice-Vannucci model of HII in 7-day-old rats.

Marketing and Distribution System Foster Misuse of Antibiotics in the Community: Insights from Drugs Wholesalers in India.

Antibiotic misuse is one of the major drivers of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). In India, evidence of antibiotic misuse comes largely from retailers as well as formal and informal healthcare providers (IHCPs). This paper presents the practices and perspectives of drug wholesalers, a critical link between manufacturers and last-mile dispensers.

Population estimates and determinants of severe maternal thinness in India.

Objective: To examine prevalence, risk factors, and consequences of maternal severe thinness in India.

Methods: This mixed methods study analyzed data from the Indian National Family Health Survey (NFHS)-4 (2015-2016) to estimate the prevalence of and risk factors for severe thinness, followed by a desk review of literature from India.

Results: Prevalence of severe thinness (defined by World Health Organization as body mass index [BMI] <16 in adult and BMI for age Z score < -2 SD in adolescents) was higher among pregnant adolescents (4.

Screening and management options for severe thinness during pregnancy in India.

This paper answers research questions on screening and management of severe thinness in pregnancy, approaches that may potentially work in India, and what more is needed for implementing these approaches at scale. A desk review of studies in the last decade in South Asian countries was carried out collating evidence on six sets of strategies like balanced energy supplementation (BEP) alone and in combination with other interventions like nutrition education. Policies and guidelines from South Asian countries were reviewed to understand the approaches being used.

A 2-Year Outcomes and Complications of Various Techniques of Lumbar Discectomy: A Multicentric Retrospective Study.

Objectives: Various techniques of performing lumbar discectomy are prevalent, each having its rationale and claimed benefits. The authors ventured to assess the perioperative factors, outcomes, and complications of each procedure and compare among them with 946 patients contributed by 10 centers and operated by experienced surgeons.

Methods: This was a retrospective study of patients operated using open discectomy, microdiscectomy, microendoscopic discectomy, interlaminar endoscopic lumbar discectomy, transforaminal endoscopic lumbar discectomy, and Destandau techniques with a follow-up of minimum 2 years.

Physicochemical Profiling and Comparison of Research Antiplasmodials and Advanced Stage Antimalarials with Oral Drugs.

To understand the property space of antimalarials, we collated a large dataset of research antiplasmodial (RAP) molecules with known potencies and advanced stage antimalarials (ASAMs) with established oral bioavailability. While RAP molecules are "non-druglike", ASAM molecules display properties closer to Lipinski's and Veber's thresholds. Comparison within the different potency groups of RAP molecules indicates that the potency is positively correlated to the molecular weight, the calculated octanol-water partition coefficient (clog ), aromatic ring counts (#Ar), and hydrogen bond acceptors.

Spatially Constrained Online Dictionary Learning for Source Separation.

Whether in medical imaging, astronomy or remote sensing, the data are increasingly complex. In addition to the spatial dimension, the data may contain temporal or spectral information that characterises the different sources present in the image. The compromise between spatial resolution and temporal/spectral resolution is often at the expense of spatial resolution, resulting in a potentially large mixing of sources in the same pixel/voxel.

Population estimates, consequences, and risk factors of obesity among pregnant and postpartum women in India: Results from a national survey and policy recommendations.

Objective: To examine prevalence, risk factors, and consequences of maternal obesity; and provide evidence on current policies and programs to manage maternal obesity in India.

Methods: This is a mixed-methods study. We analyzed the National Family Health Survey (NFHS)-4 data (2015-16) to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of obesity, followed by a desk review of literature and stakeholder mapping with interviews to develop policy guidance.

Predictors of the diets consumed by adolescent girls, pregnant women and mothers with children under age two years in rural eastern India.

Adolescents, pregnant women and mothers of children under 2 years of age are in stages of life characterized by higher nutritional demands. The study measured the dietary diversity of 17,680 adolescent girls, pregnant women and mothers of children under age 2 years in the eastern Indian states of Bihar, Chhattisgarh and Odisha using data from the Swabhimaan baseline survey conducted in 2016. The association of women's mean Dietary Diversity Scores with socioeconomic, health and nutrition service indicators was assessed.

Levels and determinants of malnutrition among India's urban poor women: An analysis of Demographic Health Surveys 2006 and 2016.

A quarter of 400 million urban Indian residents are poor. Urban poor women are as undernourished as or worse than rural women but urban averages mask this disparity. We present the spectrum of malnutrition and their determinants for more than 26,000 urban women who gave birth within 5 years from the last two rounds of Demographic Health Survey 2006 and 2016.

[C]PBR28 MR-PET imaging reveals lower regional brain expression of translocator protein (TSPO) in young adult males with autism spectrum disorder.

Mechanisms of neuroimmune and mitochondrial dysfunction have been repeatedly implicated in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). To examine these mechanisms in ASD individuals, we measured the in vivo expression of the 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO), an activated glial marker expressed on mitochondrial membranes. Participants underwent scanning on a simultaneous magnetic resonance-positron emission tomography (MR-PET) scanner with the second-generation TSPO radiotracer [C]PBR28.