In-Phase and Opposed-Phase Imaging: Applications of Chemical Shift and Magnetic Susceptibility in the Chest and Abdomen.

An earlier incorrect version appeared online. This article was corrected on December 17, 2018.

Complications of Intravesical BCG Immunotherapy for Bladder Cancer.

An earlier incorrect version appeared online. This article was corrected on December 14, 2018.

Computed Tomographic Imaging of Cardiac Trauma.

Cardiac injury can occur in the setting of blunt and penetrating trauma resulting in significantly adverse clinical outcomes. Although the clinical presentation is variable and computed tomographic imaging is rarely performed to specifically evaluate for cardiac injury, the ability to recognize the findings of cardiac injury on computed tomographic examinations performed for thoracic trauma is essential to avoid misdiagnosis and direct potentially lifesaving interventions. This article reviews the direct and indirect computed tomographic findings of cardiac injury.

Variable radiological lung nodule evaluation leads to divergent management recommendations.

Radiological evaluation of incidentally detected lung nodules on computed tomography (CT) influences management. We assessed international radiological variation in 1) pulmonary nodule characterisation; 2) hypothetical guideline-derived management; and 3) radiologists' management recommendations.107 radiologists from 25 countries evaluated 69 CT-detected nodules, recording: 1) first-choice composition (solid, part-solid or ground-glass, with percentage confidence); 2) morphological features; 3) dimensions; 4) recommended management; and 5) decision-influencing factors.

Numerical evaluation of nonbonded piezo sensor for biomedical diagnostics using electromechanical impedance technique.

Directly bonded piezo sensor, conventionally employed in the electromechanical impedance (EMI) technique, although a proven candidate for structural health monitoring, is severely constrained in its application in the biomedical field due to its bonding requirement. In contrast, nonbonded piezo sensor (NBPS) provides a viable platform to assess the condition of human bones, tissues, and other biomedical subjects using the EMI technique without inflicting pain or irritation to the skin. The name NBPS was coined to emphasize that there was no direct bonding between the PZT patch and the live subject; instead, the PZT patch was bonded to a supporting medium, which maintains the mechanical interaction between the PZT patch and the subject.

The Pucker sign: an operative and radiological indicator of impending operative difficulty due to severe chronic contractive inflammation in cholecystectomy.

Introduction: Marked inflammatory contraction of the gallbladder at the time of cholecystectomy is associated with biliary injury.

Methods: The evolution of contraction is traced in two patients who developed acute cholecystitis.

Results: Within months the gallbladder became fibrotically contacted and in doing so pulled the adjacent liver down, puckering the surface of the liver.

Management of Acute Contrast Reactions-Understanding Radiologists' Preparedness and the Efficacy of Simulation-Based Training in Canada.

Purpose: Acute radiologic emergencies, primarily severe contrast reactions, are rare but life-threatening events. Given a generalized paucity of formalized or mandated training, studies have shown that radiologists and trainees perform poorly when acutely managing such events. Moreover, skill base, knowledge, and comfort levels precipitously decline over time given the infrequent occurrence of these events during one's daily practice.

Prediction of Antitubercular Peptides From Sequence Information Using Ensemble Classifier and Hybrid Features.

Tuberculosis is one of the leading cause of death worldwide, particularly due to evolution of drug resistant strains. Antitubercular peptides may provide an alternate approach to combat antibiotic tolerance. Sequence analysis reveals that certain residues (e.

CT Findings of Acute Small-Bowel Entities.

Although a broad spectrum of entities can induce acute pathologic changes in the small bowel, there are relatively few imaging features that are characteristic of a specific diagnosis on the basis of CT findings. Specific clinical information, including time course and onset of disease, patient risk factors, and any recent pharmacologic or radiation therapy, is often instrumental in refining the differential diagnosis. A wide spectrum of disorders is reviewed in this article; however, given the breadth of disorders associated with the small bowel, neoplastic and infectious conditions affecting the small bowel that can manifest acutely are not specifically discussed.

Overview of Free Software Developed for Designing Drugs Based on Protein-Small Molecules Interaction.

One of the fundamental challenges in designing drug molecule against a disease target or protein is to predict binding affinity between target and drug or small molecule. In this review, our focus will be on advancement in the field of protein-small molecule interaction. This review has been divided into four major sections.

A Case Series of Parechovirus Encephalopathy: Apnea and Autonomic Dysregulation in Critically Ill Infants.

This article aims to describe a rare cause of severe encephalitis in 2 cases of infants with signs of intracranial hypertension and severe autonomic dysregulation. The authors conclude that human parechoviruses are becoming a more recognized cause of encephalitis because of the increasing use of rapid detection methods. With early recognition of this clinical entity, improved care can be administered.

Pleural tumours and tumour-like lesions.

There are various neoplasms and tumour-like conditions of the pleura. Mesothelioma is perhaps the most widely recognised; however, there are many others that are more common and should be considered. Understanding the similarities and differences can be helpful in managing the patient with a newly found pleural lesion.

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations: diagnosis.

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) are rare, abnormal low resistance vascular structures that connect a pulmonary artery to a pulmonary vein, thereby bypassing the normal pulmonary capillary bed and resulting in an intrapulmonary right-to-left shunt. The spectrum of PAVMs extends from microscopic lesions causing profound hypoxemia and ground glass appearance on computed tomography (CT) but with normal catheter angiographic findings to classic pulmonary aneurysmal connections that abnormally connect pulmonary veins and arteries. These malformations most commonly are seen in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT).

Sarcoidosis from Head to Toe: What the Radiologist Needs to Know.

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disorder characterized by development of noncaseating granulomas in various organs. Although the etiology of this condition is unclear, environmental and genetic factors may be substantial in its pathogenesis. Clinical features are often nonspecific, and imaging is essential to diagnosis.

Evidence of hepatitis A virus infection in the patients with acute encephalitis syndrome in Gorakhpur region, North India.

The etiological agent remained unidentified in a large number of patients hospitalized for acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) in 2008-2009 in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, north India. All patients were found to present with fever and altered sensorium, while 28%, 19% and 13% showed hepatomegaly, splenomegaly and meningeal signs, respectively. Involvement mostly of children with abnormal hepatic features prompted us to undertake an exploratory study on viral hepatitis A to determine its association, if any, with hepatic derangements.

CT and MR Imaging of Cardiothoracic Vasculitis.

The term vasculitis includes a variable group of entities in which the common characteristic is inflammation of the walls of blood vessels occurring at some time during the course of the disease. The vasculitides can be divided into primary and secondary vasculitides, depending on the etiology and according to the size of the vessel affected. Both primary vasculitis and secondary vasculitis are associated with cardiac morbidity that is often subclinical.

Implications of Mutation Profiling in Myeloid Malignancies-PART 2: Myeloproliferative Neoplasms and Other Myeloid Malignancies.

Myeloid malignancies arise from the acquisition of somatic mutations among various genes implicated in essential functioning of hematopoietic stem cells and progenitor cells. In this second part of our two-part review, we discuss the use of mutation profiling in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms and other myeloid diseases. We also discuss the entity known as clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential, awareness of which is a result of the increasing availability and improved quality of mutation profiling.

Imaging of suspected pulmonary embolism and deep venous thrombosis in obese patients.

Obesity is a growing problem around the world, and radiology departments frequently encounter difficulties related to large patient size. Diagnosis and management of suspected venous thromboembolism, in particular deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), are challenging even in some lean patients, and can become even more complicated in the setting of obesity. Many obstacles must be overcome to obtain imaging examinations in obese patients with suspected PE and/or DVT, and to ensure that these examinations are of sufficient quality to diagnose or exclude thromboembolic disease, or to establish an alternative diagnosis.

Tacrolimus-Induced Hyponatremia in Lung Transplant Recipients: A Case Series.

Background: Lung transplant recipients are treated with a 3-drug immunosuppressive regimen that consists of a calcineurin inhibitor, an antiproliferative agent, and a corticosteroid. Calcineurin inhibitors are the backbone of this regimen, and tacrolimus is used more often than cyclosporine, because tacrolimus is the more potent of the two agents. Tacrolimus-induced hyponatremia has been described among kidney transplant recipients, but not among lung transplant recipients.

Prediction of Cell-Penetrating Potential of Modified Peptides Containing Natural and Chemically Modified Residues.

Designing drug delivery vehicles using cell-penetrating peptides is a hot area of research in the field of medicine. In the past, number of methods have been developed for predicting cell-penetrating property of peptides containing natural residues. In this study, first time attempt has been made to predict cell-penetrating property of peptides containing natural and modified residues.

Implications of Mutation Profiling in Myeloid Malignancies-PART 1: Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

The advent of high-throughput gene sequencing has revolutionized our understanding of the genetic mutations that drive myeloid malignancies. While these mutations are of interest pathobiologically, they are increasingly being recognized as clinically meaningful in providing diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic information to guide patient care. In this first part of our two-part review, we introduce mutation profiling as a relevant clinical tool for hematologists treating patients with myeloid malignancies.

In Silico Tools and Databases for Designing Peptide-Based Vaccine and Drugs.

The prolonged conventional approaches of drug screening and vaccine designing prerequisite patience, vigorous effort, outrageous cost as well as additional manpower. Screening and experimentally validating thousands of molecules for a specific therapeutic property never proved to be an easy task. Similarly, traditional way of vaccination includes administration of either whole or attenuated pathogen, which raises toxicity and safety issues.