Combined Influence of Gestational Diabetes and Gestational Weight Gain on Exclusive Breastfeeding.

Over half of pregnant women in the United States do not meet the recommended gestational weight gain (GWG). In addition, the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is increasing. We examined the combined influence of GDM and GWG on breastfeeding practices on exclusive breastfeeding during the neonatal period and at 3 months postpartum.

Factors That Modify the Association of Maternal Postpartum Smoking and Exclusive Breastfeeding Rates.

Background And Objective: Maternal postpartum smoking increases the risk for poor infant health outcomes, while exclusive breastfeeding has been shown to support infant health. Limited population-based research has been published on the interaction between maternal smoking and exclusive breastfeeding. The objective of this study was to examine factors modifying the association between maternal postpartum smoking and exclusive breastfeeding among women in the United States.

Association Between Gestational Weight Gain and Delayed Onset of Lactation: The Moderating Effects of Race/Ethnicity.

Background: In the United States, a high percentage of pregnant women gain weight outside of the current Institute of Medicine's (IOM) gestational weight gain (GWG) recommendations. There is limited research examining the relationship between GWG and onset of lactation. Delayed onset of lactation (DOL) can negatively affect breastfeeding outcomes.