Effects of Gymnema sylvestre extract on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of glimepiride in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.

Gymnema sylvestre, important Indian traditional herbal medicine has been used for diabetes from several years and marketed as single or multi-herb formulations globally. People are consuming G. sylvestre along with conventional hypoglycemic drugs.

Effects of Ayurvedic Rasayana botanicals on CYP3A4 isoenzyme system.

Objective: Consuming botanical dietary supplements or herbal drugs along with prescription drugs may lead to potential pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) herb-drug interactions (HDI). The present study focuses on the importance of and novel approach for assessing HDI in integrative medicine with case examples of two frequently-used Ayurvedic Rasayana botanicals.

Methods: The aqueous extracts of Asparagus racemosus (ARE) and Gymnema sylvester (GSE) were prepared as per Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India.

Physicochemical characterization and toxicological evaluation of plant-based anionic polymers and their nanoparticulated system for ocular delivery.

The water-soluble fractions of mucilages and gum from the seeds of fenugreek, isphagula and mango bark exudate were isolated, purified and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), maldi/GC-MS, elemental analysis, 1D ((1)H and (13)C) and 2D (HMQC, COSY) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). The fenugreek mucilage was identified to be a galactomannan chain consisting of 4 units of galactose attached to the backbone of 6 mannose units in 1:1.5 ratio.

Development and biological evaluation of Gymnema sylvestre extract-loaded nonionic surfactant-based niosomes.

Aim: To develop and characterize Gymnema sylvestre extract-loaded niosomes using nonionic surfactants, and to evaluate their antihyperglycemic efficacy in comparison with the parent extract.

Materials & Methods: Nonionic surfactant-based G. sylvestre extract-loaded niosomes were prepared using the thin-film hydration method.

Determination of gymnemagenin in rat plasma using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: application to pharmacokinetics after oral administration of Gymnema sylvestre extract.

A sensitive and rapid high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method has been developed and validated for the determination of gymnemagenin (GMG), a triterpene sapogenin from Gymnema sylvestre, in rat plasma using withaferin A as the internal standard (IS). Plasma samples were simply extracted using liquid-liquid extraction with tetra-butyl methyl ether. Chromatographic separation was performed on Luna C(18) column using gradient elution of water and methanol (with 0.

Quantitative estimation of gymnemagenin in Gymnema sylvestre extract and its marketed formulations using the HPLC-ESI-MS/MS method.

Introduction: Gymnema sylvestre, with gymnemic acids as active pharmacological constituents, is a popular ayurvedic herb and has been used to treat diabetes, as a remedy for cough and as a diuretic. However, very few analytical methods are available for quality control of this herb and its marketed formulations.

Objectives: To develop and validate a new, rapid, sensitive and selective HPLC-ESI (electrospray ionisation)-MS/MS method for quantitative estimation of gymnemagenin in G.

Oral targeting of protein kinase C receptor: promising route for diabetic retinopathy?

In patients with diabetes, hyperglycemia is known to promote high levels of diacylglycerol which activates protein kinase C (PKC) in the vascular tissues and leads to the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the retina. PKC activation and increased concentration of VEGF are likely to play a key role in diabetic microvascular complications, particularly change in vascular permeability, inflammation, fluid leakage and ischemia in the retina. PKC comprises a super family of isoenzymes that is activated in response to various stimuli.