High pressure sensor based on intensity-variation using polymer optical fiber.

Silica fiber under high pressure increases the risk of fiber breakage or permanent deformation, which may cause sensor failure due to mechanical strength limitations. High pressure can also induce birefringence in optical fiber. In this study, we present a simple design and low-cost high pressure sensor using polymer optical fiber (POF) based on the intensity-variation technique.

Safety of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) during the month of Ramadan in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Pakistani population-an observational study from a tertiary care center in Karachi.

Background And Aims: Primary aim was to assess the safety of SGLT2-i in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2D) in a real-life scenario during Ramadan by finding the frequency and severity of hypoglycemic/hyperglycemic events, dehydration, and Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Secondary aim was to assess changes in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), weight and creatinine levels.

Methods: This prospective, observational, controlled cohort study was conducted at Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan from March 15 to June 30, 2021.

Functional pituitary gonadotroph adenoma in male patients: Case report.

Pituitary gonadotroph adenomas are common but very rarely do they secrete biologically active luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). There have been case studies reporting high sex hormones (testosterone/estrogen) in the presence of high or normal LH and FSH. Here we report two cases (with their consent) who presented with visual disturbance and headache at a tertiary care hospital (Aga Khan university hospital) Karachi, Pakistan.

Association between glycemic control and the outcome in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.

Purpose: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) clinical outcome and disease severity affected by several factors; deterioration of glycemic control is one of them. Therefore, achieving optimum blood glucose parameters is hypothesized for better consequences of COVID-19. However, varying data supporting this hypothesis is available in literature.

Frequency of hashimoto thyroiditis in papillary thyroid cancer patients and its impact on their Outcome.

Background: Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) is an autoimmune disorder of thyroid gland and is the most common cause of hypothyroidism. Its association with thyroid lymphoma is well established but with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), the studies have shown inconsistent results.

Methods: It is a retrospective review of papillary thyroid cancer patients and 213 participants were included for final analysis.

Clinical outcomes of Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An observational study from Pakistan.

Objective: To determine the efficacy and safety of Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) use in the Pakistani population.

Methods: Retrospective review of initial 100 patients who were prescribed with any agent of the SGLT2i group from July 1, 2018, to January 2019 at Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi. SGLT2i was offered to patients of above 18 years of age with inadequate glycemic control on existing antidiabetic agents.

Mesenteric ischemia in COVID-19 patients: A review of current literature.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) virus has affected all the systems of the body, defying all impressions of it being a respiratory virus only.

Aim: To see the association of mesenteric ischemia with COVID-19.

Methods: After initial screening and filtering of the titles on PubMed and Google Scholar, 124 articles were selected.

Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Experience from a Tertiary Care Centre in Pakistan.

Objective: To study the clinical, biochemical and radiological features and management outcomes of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism.

Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan and comprised data of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism from 2008 to 2017.

Results: Out of 103 patients, 83(80.

The Utility of Ultrasound in the Preoperative Localization of Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Insights from Pakistan.

Objective We aimed to evaluate and compare the diagnostic performance of ultrasound (US) and 99m-Tc sestamibi scintigraphy for the preoperative localization of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Methods This retrospective study was conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital in Karachi, Pakistan, and comprised the data of patients with PHPT who underwent parathyroidectomy from 2008 to 2017. Preoperative US and 99m-Tc sestamibi scintigraphy findings were recorded and compared to surgical and histological findings, which were taken as a reference standard.

Presentation, Management, and Outcomes of Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenomas: An Experience from a Developing Country.

Objective The goal of this study was to evaluate the presentation, management, and clinical outcome of nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) in a tertiary care setup. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of patient records of 157 patients with the diagnosis of NFPA managed at Aga Khan University Hospital, a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2017. We collected data on basic demographic characteristics, signs, and presenting symptoms, management, and outcomes.

Correlation between MR spectroscopy and histology in detection of prostatic carcinoma.

Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the detection of prostatic carcinoma.

Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted at the Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, from July 24, 2014, to January 23, 2015, and comprised patients who had been screened for prostate cancer. Using non-probability purposive sampling, all magnetic resonance spectroscopy scans were interpreted by three radiologists.