Seed Germination Ecology of and in Queensland Australia.

and are among the most problematic broadleaf weeds in eastern cropping systems of Australia. This study investigated the seed germination ecology of and . The study hypothesized that may have greater ecological advantages under adverse environmental conditions compared to .

Genetic Enhancement of Cereals Using Genomic Resources for Nutritional Food Security.

Advances in genomics resources have facilitated the evolution of cereal crops with enhanced yield, improved nutritional values, and heightened resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses. Genomic approaches present a promising avenue for the development of high-yielding varieties, thereby ensuring food and nutritional security. Significant improvements have been made within the omics domain, specifically in genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics.

Ecology, Biology, Environmental Impacts, and Management of an Agro-Environmental Weed .

L. (Billy goat weed; Asteraceae) is an annual herbaceous plant of American origin with a pantropical distribution. The plant has unique biological attributes and a raft of miscellaneous chemical compounds that render it a pharmacologically important herb.

Suppressive effects of increasing mungbean density on growth and reproduction of junglerice and feather fingergrass.

Increased planting density can provide crops a competitive advantage over weeds. This study appraised the growth and seed production of two noxious grassy weeds, i.e.

Genetic Diversity, Conservation, and Utilization of Plant Genetic Resources.

Plant genetic resources (PGRs) are the total hereditary material, which includes all the alleles of various genes, present in a crop species and its wild relatives. They are a major resource that humans depend on to increase farming resilience and profit. Hence, the demand for genetic resources will increase as the world population increases.

Glyphosate Efficacy in Sw. in Response to Temperature and Tank Mixing.

Glyphosate alone or a tank mixture of glyphosate and 2,4-D is commonly used for broad-spectrum weed control under fallow conditions in Australia. Air temperature or mixing glyphosate with 2,4-D, may influence the efficacy of glyphosate on feather fingergrass ( Sw.), a problematic summer-season weed of Australia.

Freezing stress affects the efficacy of clodinafop-propargyl and 2,4-D plus MCPA on wild oat (Avena ludoviciana Durieu) and turnipweed [Rapistrum rugosum (L.) All.] in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

The occurrence of freezing stress around herbicides application is one of the most important factors influencing their performance. This experiment was performed to evaluate the efficacy of clodinafop-propargyl and 2,4-D plus MCPA (2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid plus 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid), the most important herbicides used in wheat fields in Iran, under the influence of a freezing treatment (-4°C). Wheat and its two common weeds, winter wild oat (Avena ludoviciana Durieu) and turnipweed [Rapistrum rugosum (L.

Seed germination ecology of hood canarygrass (Phalaris paradoxa L.) and herbicide options for its control.

Hood canarygrass (Phalaris paradoxa L.) is a problematic weed in winter crops of Australia. Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of environmental factors on seed germination of P.

Biotechnological Road Map for Innovative Weed Management.

In most agriculture farmlands, weed management is predominantly reliant on integrated weed management (IWM) strategies, such as herbicide application. However, the overuse and misuse of herbicides, coupled with the lack of novel active ingredients, has resulted in the uptrend of herbicide-resistant weeds globally. Moreover, weedy traits that contribute to weed seed bank persistence further exacerbate the challenges in weed management.

Emerging Issues and Potential Opportunities in the Rice-Wheat Cropping System of North-Western India.

The rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS) is the backbone of Indian farming, especially in the north-western region. But continuous adoption of the RWCS in northwest India has resulted in major challenges and stagnation in the productivity of this system. Additionally, the Indo-Gangetic Plains of Pakistan, Nepal, and Bangladesh are also facing similar challenges for sustainable production of the RWCS.

Correction: Effects of sorghum residue in presence of pre-emergence herbicides on emergence and biomass of Echinochloa colona and Chloris virgata.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

The world's first glyphosate-resistant case of Avena fatua L. and Avena sterilis ssp. ludoviciana (Durieu) Gillet & Magne and alternative herbicide options for their control.

Avena fatua and A. ludoviciana (commonly known as wild oats) are the most problematic winter grass species in fallows and winter crops in the northeast region of Australia. A series of experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of glyphosate and alternative post-emergence herbicides on A.

Seedbank persistence of four summer grass weed species in the northeast cropping region of Australia.

Summer grass weed species are a particular problem in the northeast cropping region of Australia because they are prolific seeders and favor no-till systems. Information on weed seed persistence levels can be used for the development of effective and sustainable integrated weed management programs. A field study was conducted over 42 months to evaluate the seedbank persistence of Chloris truncata, C.

Management options for large plants of glyphosate-resistant feather fingergrass (Chloris virgata) in Australian fallow conditions.

Chloris virgata has become one of the most difficult glyphosate-resistant (GR) grass weeds in summer fallows in the eastern region of Australia. It germinates in several cohorts following rainfall events; therefore, growers are often tempted to wait for most of the weeds to emerge before herbicide application. However, by that time, some seedlings have reached an advanced stage and there is limited information on the efficacy and reliability of alternate herbicides when targeting large plants of GR C.

The First Report of Target-Site Resistance to Glyphosate in Sweet Summer Grass ().

Sweet summer grass is a problematic weed in the central Queensland region of Australia. This study found glyphosate resistance in two biotypes (R1 and R2) of sweet summer grass. The level of resistance in these biotypes was greater than 8-fold.

Seedbank persistence and emergence pattern of Argemone mexicana, Rapistrum rugosum and Sonchus oleraceus in the eastern grain region of Australia.

A thorough understanding of the emergence pattern and persistence of weed seeds is a prerequisite in framing appropriate weed management options for noxious weeds. In a study conducted at the University of Queensland, Australia, the emergence and seed persistence behavior of three major weeds Sonchus oleraceous, Rapistrum rugosum, and Argemone mexicana were explored with seeds collected from Gatton and St George, Queensland, Australia, with an average annual rainfall of 760 and 470 mm, respectively. Seed persistence was evaluated by placing seeds at the surface layer (0 cm) or buried at 2 and 10 cm depths enclosed in nylon mesh bags and examined their viability for 42 months.

Utilization of the neighborhood design to evaluate suitable cover crops and their density for Echinochloa colona management.

Summer weed species, including Echinochloa colona, are becoming problematic in the eastern grain region of Australia, but cover crops can be useful to suppress weeds during the summer fallow period. The present study evaluated the growth and seed production of E. colona grown alone or with four and eight cover crop plants per pot (i.

Differential germination characteristics of glyphosate-resistant and glyphosate-susceptible Chloris virgata populations under different temperature and moisture stress regimes.

Thorough knowledge of the germination behavior of weed species could aid in the development of effective weed control practices, especially when glyphosate resistance is involved. A study was conducted using two glyphosate-resistant (GR) (SGW2 and CP2) and two glyphosate-susceptible (GS) (Ch and SGM2) populations of Chloris virgata, an emerging and troublesome weed species of Australian farming systems, to evaluate their germination response to different alternating temperature (15/5, 25/15 and 35/25°C with 12 h/12 h light/dark photoperiod) and moisture stress regimes (0, -0.1, -0.

Effect of Different Climate Change Variables on the Ecology and Management of through Glyphosate.

An elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO) concentration and frequent droughts are two anticipated climate change scenarios in which certain invasive weeds may develop competitive advantages over crops and adversely impact productivity and herbicide efficacy. Hence, a study was conducted to explore the effect of different climatic scenarios on the growth and management of (Retz.) Pers with glyphosate.

Effect of emergence time on growth and fecundity of Rapistrum rugosum and Brassica tournefortii in the northern region of Australia.

Weeds from Brassicaceae family are a major threat in many crops including canola, chickpea, cotton and wheat. Rapistrum rugosum (L) All. and Brassica tournefortii Gouan.

Influence of soil moisture levels on the growth and reproductive behaviour of Avena fatua and Avena ludoviciana.

Adaptation of weeds to water stress could result in the broader distribution, and make weed control task increasingly difficult. Therefore, a clear understanding of the biology of weeds under water stress could assist in the development of sustainable weed management strategies. Avena fatua (wild oat) and A.

Response of glyphosate-resistant and susceptible biotypes of Echinochloa colona to low doses of glyphosate in different soil moisture conditions.

To evaluate the hormetic effect of glyphosate on Echinochloa colona, two pot studies were done in the screenhouse at the Gatton Campus, the University of Queensland, Australia. Glyphosate was sprayed at the 3-4 leaf stage using different doses [(0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80 and 800 g a.e.

Performance of Dry-Seeded Rice Genotypes under Varied Soil Moisture Regimes and Foliar-Applied Hormones.

Plant hormones influence various physiological processes during the growth and development of plants, but their critical roles in influencing yield and antioxidant activities in dry-seeded rice (DSR) have not been adequately explored. This study aims to analyze the performance and antioxidant activity of contrasting genotypes of DSR in response to soil moisture regimes and foliar-applied hormones. The study comprised sixteen treatments that were evaluated under field conditions as per split-plot design in three replications.

Biology, ecology and management of Raphanus raphanistrum L.: a noxious agricultural and environmental weed.

Weeds are a major constraint to crop production and a barrier to human efforts to meet the ever-rising global demand for food, fibre and fuel. Managing weeds solely with herbicides is unsustainable due to the rapid evolution of herbicide-resistant weeds. Precise knowledge of the ecology and biology of weeds is of utmost importance to determine the most appropriate nonchemical management techniques.

Effects of sorghum residue in presence of pre-emergence herbicides on emergence and biomass of Echinochloa colona and Chloris virgata.

In conservation agriculture systems, farmers gain many advantages from retaining crop residue on the soil surface, but crop residue retention in these systems may intervene with the activity of pre-emergence herbicides. A pot study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different rates of pre-emergence herbicides [imazethapyr (100 and 150 g a. i.