Fabrication of Novel 3-D Nanocomposites of HAp-TiC-h-BN-ZrO: Enhanced Mechanical Performances and In Vivo Toxicity Study for Biomedical Applications.

Due to excellent biocompatibility, bioactivities, and osteoconductivity, hydroxyapatite (HAp) is considered as one of the most suitable biomaterials for numerous biomedical applications. Herein, HAp was fabricated using a bottom-up approach, i.e.

Phyto-pharmacological Potential of Aegle marmelos (L.) for Neurological Disorders: Progress and Prospects.

Background: Aegle marmelos, an Indian plant, has been extensively utilized by the people of the Indian subcontinent over about 5000 years. The leaves, bark, roots, and fruits, including seeds, are widely used to cure a variety of diseases in the Indian traditional system of medicine, Ayurveda, along with numerous folk medicines. By revealing the existence of significant bioactive chemicals, modern research has effectively substantiated the therapeutic effects of bael.

Neuroprotective effect of taxifolin against aluminum chloride-induced dementia and pathological alterations in the brain of rats: possible involvement of toll-like receptor 4.

Aluminum (Al) overexposure damages various organ systems, especially the nervous system. Regularly administered aluminum chloride (AlCl) to rats causes dementia and pathophysiological alterations linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Taxifolin's neuroprotective effects against AlCl-induced neurotoxicity and studies were studied.

Exploring the pathophysiological influence of heme oxygenase-1 on neuroinflammation and depression: A study of phytotherapeutic-based modulation.

Background: The heme oxygenase (HO) system plays a significant role in neuroprotection and reduction of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. The system, via isoforms HO-1 and HO-2, regulates cellular redox balance. HO-1, an antioxidant defense enzyme, is highlighted due to its association with depression, characterized by heightened neuroinflammation and impaired oxidative stress responses.

Weight-Drop Method for Inducing Closed Head Diffuse Traumatic Brain Injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the foremost causes of disability and death globally. Prerequisites for successful therapy of disabilities associated with TBI involved improved knowledge of the neurobiology of TBI, measurement of quantitative changes in recovery dynamics brought about by therapy, and the translation of quantitative methodologies and techniques that were successful in tracking recovery in preclinical models to human TBI. Frequently used animal models of TBI in research and development include controlled cortical impact, fluid percussion injury, blast injury, penetrating blast brain injury, and weight-drop impact acceleration models.

Recent Progress in the Understanding and Management of Acute Mountain Sickness: A Narrative Review.

Background: Individuals at higher altitudes may experience a decrease in blood oxygen levels, which can result in a variety of clinical illnesses, such as high-altitude pulmonary edema, high-altitude cerebral edema, and milder but more common acute mountain sickness (AMS).

Objective: This study aims to review the current state of knowledge related to motion sickness, the risk of AMS, and pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments for AMS.

Methods: Several databases, including PubMed, Bentham Science, Elsevier, Springer, and Research Gate, were used to compile the data for the article following a thorough analysis of the various research findings connected to acute mountain sickness and motion sickness, along with treatments and prevention.

Effects of eugenol on the behavioral and pathological progression in the MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease mouse model.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the world's second most common neurological disorder. Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of PD. Eugenol is a phytochemical with potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.

Therapeutic effects of eugenol in a rat model of traumatic brain injury: A behavioral, biochemical, and histological study.

Background And Aim: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in death or long term functional disabilities. Eugenol is demonstrated to be beneficial in a range of experimental models of neurological disorders via its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Thus, the present study was designed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of eugenol in a weight-drop induced rat model of TBI.

Development and Characterization of Saturated Fatty Acid-Engineered, Silica-Coated Lipid Vesicular System for Effective Oral Delivery of Alfa-Choriogonadotropin.

The present study was designed to develop an efficient, safe, and patient-friendly dosage form, for oral delivery of alfa-choriogonadotropin, used in the treatment of female reproductive infertility. Silica-coated, saturated fatty acid (dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC))-engineered, nanolipidic vesicular (NLVs) system was developed for systemic delivery of therapeutic peptide, alfa-choriogonadotropin, through oral route. DPPC-based NLVs were formulated using the technique of thin-film hydration and were coated with silica to form a homogeneous surface silica shell.

Recent updates in the clinical trials of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies targeting cytokine storm for the management of COVID-19.

Clinical studies have identified a cytokine storm in the third stage of disease progression in critical ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Hence, effectively suppressing the uncontrolled immune response of the host towards the invaded viruses in a cytokine storm is a critical step to prevent the deterioration of patient conditions and decrease the rate of mortality. Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are found to be effective for the management of acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with COVID-19.

Neuroprotective Effects of Ethyl Pyruvate against Aluminum Chloride-Induced Alzheimer's Disease in Rats via Inhibiting Toll-Like Receptor 4.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by the formation of insoluble deposits of β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques within the parenchyma of the brain. The present study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective role of ethyl pyruvate against in vitro and in vivo model of aluminum chloride (AlCl)-induced AD. Effect of ethyl pyruvate (5, 10, 20, 40 mM) against AlCl (1250 μM)-induced neurotoxicity in primary neuron-glial mixed cell culture was evaluated using cell viability assays (MTT assay as well as calcein-AM/propidium iodide fluorescent dyes).

Repositioning of an anti-depressant drug, agomelatine as therapy for brain injury induced by craniotomy.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to the disruption of blood-brain barrier integrity and therefore results in increased brain water content (brain edema). Brain edema is a significant factor for increased intracranial pressure (ICP), which ultimately causes functional disability and death. The decompressive craniotomy (DC) is a surgical procedure widely used for treating increased ICP following TBI.

Comparison of three acute stress models for simulating the pathophysiology of stress-related mucosal disease.

Stress-related mucosal disease (SRMD) is highly prevalent in intensive care patients leading to increasing treatment cost and mortality. SRMD is a disease elusive of ideal treatment. Evaluation of drugs is very pertinent for the efficient and safe treatment of SRMD.

Investigations on gastroprotective effect of citalopram, an antidepressant drug against stress and pyloric ligation induced ulcers.

The present study investigates the gastroprotective effect of citalopram, an antidepressant drug. Gastroprotective activity of citalopram (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg, bid, po) was evaluated both by single and 14 days repeated pretreatment in the cold restraint stress (CRS) model and 14 days repeated pretreatment in pyloric ligation (PL) model. In addition to ulcer scoring and its histological assessment, levels of corticosterone, hexosamine, nitrite, PGE(2), lipid peroxide and microvascular permeability were also estimated.

Gastroprotective potential of risperidone, an atypical antipsychotic, against stress and pyloric ligation induced gastric lesions.

Risperidone has been used in some stress disorders and may be potentially protective against stress-induced gastric lesions. Thus, the aim of the present study is to investigate, whether risperidone, a D(2) receptor and 5-HT(2A) receptor antagonist, would be able to result in gastroprotective effect in stress-induced lesions and also explore the possible mechanism of action behind its gastroprotective activity. Gastroprotective activity of risperidone was evaluated both by single treatment and 21 days repeated (0.

Eugenol as an anti-stress agent: modulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and brain monoaminergic systems in a rat model of stress.

Stress is the leading psychopathological cause for several mental disorders. Physiological and psychological responses to stress are mediated by the hypothalamic?pituitary?adrenal (HPA), sympathoadrenal system (SAS), and brain monoaminergic systems (BMS). Eugenol is reported to substantially modulate brain functions by regulating voltage-gated cation channels and release of neurotransmitters.

Anti-hyperlipidemic activity of Withania coagulans in streptozotocin-induced diabetes: A potent anti-atherosclerotic agent.

Dyslipidemia is one of the most common complications in diabetes mellitus, which increases risk of premature atherosclerosis. Drugs having antihyperlipidemic activity in addition to their hypoglycemic effect in diabetes may be suitable anti-atherosclerotic agents in diabetic patients. The present study was aimed to investigate the anti-atherosclerotic activity of an aqueous extract of Withania coagulans (AWC) in terms of atherogenic index (AI) in normal and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes.

Study of anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities of seeds of Hyoscyamus niger and isolation of a new coumarinolignan.

A chemical and biological validation of the traditional use of Hyoscyamus niger seeds as anti-inflammatory drug has been established. The methanolic extract of seeds of H. niger (MHN) was evaluated for its analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities in experimental animal models at different doses.