Rapidly Progressive Renal Failure in Type 2 Diabetic versus Non-diabetic Patients: Changing Trends, Natural History, and Outcome in an Indian Tertiary Care Center.

Rapidly progressive renal failure (RPRF) is not typical of diabetic nephropathy and suggests non-diabetic kidney disease (NDKD). We conducted an analysis of the data of RPRF patients (28 diabetic and 88 non-diabetic patients) with doubled creatinine over 2 weeks to 3 months and/or presented with >4 mg serum creatinine without prior renal disease to ascertain the types of lesions and compare the patients' histopathology. The primary outcome was dependence on dialysis at 1 year.

Midterm eGFR Predicts Pregnancy Outcomes: An Observational Study.

Introduction: The hemodynamic adjustments during pregnancy play a pivotal role in sustaining the gestation, however, its clinical connotation on midterm renal hyperfiltration and its consequence on maternal and fetal outcomes need a greater appraisal. The present retrospective study looked into the midterm estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) among pregnant females without overt pieces of evidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) as a surrogate marker for midterm hyperfiltration and its implication on maternal and fetal outcomes.

Materials And Methods: All pregnancies among females aged 18-50 years with available pregestational baseline serum creatinine were included in the study.

Divergent manifestations and outcomes of diffuse crescentic immunoglobulin A nephropathy and pauci-immune crescentic glomerulonephritis on long-term.

Background: Diffuse crescentic IgAN (CIgAN) is an uncommon phenotype of IgAN, which presents as rapidly progressive renal failure, similar to patients with pauci-immune crescentic glomerulonephritis(PCGN). There are limited data on outcomes comparisons between the two.

Methods: In this single-center, retrospective cohort study, we compared the clinical features, pathological presentation, and renal outcomes of 52 patients with CIgAN and 42 patients with renal-limited PCGN from January 2007 to December 2019.

Impact of Kidney Donation on Pregnancy Outcomes: A Retrospective Analysis.

Introduction: Recent data suggest a risk of gestational hypertension, proteinuria and pre-eclampsia among pregnancies after kidney donation.

Methods: This retrospective study among females who donated kidneys (1997-2017) at a tertiary renal transplant center in Northern India assessed the maternal and fetal outcomes of their pregnancy. Data of participants were collected using pre-tested semi structured questionnaire.

Risk of tuberculosis among renal transplant recipients receiving rituximab therapy.

Background: Rituximab is an anti-CD 20 agent used widely in renal transplant recipients. Its use is associated with various infections; however, its association with tuberculosis (TB) is not well established and has not been studied in post renal transplantation patients.

Methods: This is a single-center, retrospective analysis of 56 renal transplant recipients who received rituximab as a part of desensitization protocol or as rescue therapy for rejections and 287 post-renal transplant patients who did not receive rituximab during the study period from January 2013 to June 2017.

Early versus Late acute graft pyelonephritis: A retrospective analysis of graft and patient outcomes.

Background: Acute graft pyelonephritis (AGPN) is thought to affect graft and patient survival among renal transplant recipients. The objective was to compare outcomes among early AGPN (< 6 months from transplant) versus late AGPN (> 6 months from transplant).

Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 150 patients with AGPN dividing them into early and late AGPN from 2008 to 2016.

Psycho-social health and quality of life among kidney donors following transplantation.

Introduction: Living kidney donation is a complex psychological experience for donors. The present study examined the psychosocial impact of kidney donation on donors.

Methods: The retrospective study included 506 donors who donated a kidney between 2010 and 2018 at a transplant centre in India.

Impact of Early versus Late Referral to Nephrologists on Outcomes of Chronic Kidney Disease Patients in Northern India.

Background: CKD patients are often asymptomatic in the early stages and referred late to nephrologists. Late referred patients carry a poor prognosis. There is a lack of data on outcomes associated with referral patterns in CKD patients from northern India.

Feto-maternal and renal outcomes of nephrotic syndrome in pregnancy.

Proteinuria can range from subnephrotic to nephrotic amounts during pregnancy, though nephrotic syndrome (NS) is rare (0.012%-0.025%).

Red herrings in crossmatching kidneys for transplant.

Crossmatching of prospective renal transplant donors against recipients is a mandatory component of the transplant workup, being performed for over 40 years now. Allografting patients with human leukocyte antigens which are recognized by preformed antibodies constitutes the main cause of hyperacute or acute rejections. The existence of these donor-specific anti-human leukocyte antigen antibodies (DSAs) is regarded as a contraindication for graft trans-plantation, both cadaveric and live kidney.

Clinical profile and outcomes of posttransplant thrombotic microangiopathy.

Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) after kidney transplant is rather uncommon but an important reversible cause of graft loss. This retrospective study of biopsy-proven posttransplant TMA was done to identify the important etiological factors, clinical features, and outcomes of post transplant TMA in a tertiary care referral hospital in northern India. This retrospective study was conducted among all renal transplant recipients who presented with graft dysfunction between 1989 and 2015.

Acute cortical necrosis in pregnancy still an important cause for end-stage renal disease in developing countries.

Renal cortical necrosis (RCN) is a serious complication of acute kidney injury (AKI) and pregnancy is a clinical state closely associated with it with poor renal outcomes. The incidence is much higher in obstetrical AKI compared to other causes of RCN. Despite better medical care facilities available, this continues to be an important cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries.

G6PD deficiency is not an uncommon cause of pigment nephropathy.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) with evidence of hemolysis is associated with tropical infections. However, pigment-induced AKI can happen with relatively uncommon genetic causes of hemolytic anemia, i.e.

Pregnancy Check Point for Diagnosis of CKD in Developing Countries.

Objective: Evidences suggest that females with CKD are associated with high risk of maternal and fetal complications. Early referral in CKD with pregnancy for specialist care may prove useful for maternal and fetal outcome.

Methods: Study looked for assessment of impact of CKD detection at the time of pregnancy and its impact on fetal and maternal outcome.

Neutrophil Gelatinase-associated Lipocalin: As a Predictor of Early Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

This study was carried out to look for diagnostic and prognostic role of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in early diabetic nephropathy (DN) in type 2 diabetes individuals. NGAL was measured in both urinary and serum sample of 144 type 2 diabetes individuals stratified into three categories based on urinary albumin-creatinine ratio and 54 control populations with estimated glomerular filtration rate >60 mL/min/1.73 m and serum creatinine <1.

Outcome of renal transplant recipients with cytomegalovirus and BK polyomavirus co-infection nephropathy.

Reactivation of cytomegalovirus (CMV) and BK polyomavirus (BKV) can result in virus-associated tubulointerstitial nephritis in renal allografts. All those renal biopsies reported as viral cytopathic were isolated and examined by two independent renal histopathologists from our institute and classified as CMV, BKV, and CMV-BKV coinfection-associated viral cytopathic changes with confirmation through polymerase chain reaction technology in either serum or urine or both. All twenty patients were categorized as 10 in CMV, four in BKV, and six were in CMV-BKV coinfection.

Early versus late institution of plasma exchange therapy in pregnancy induced thrombotic microangiopathy and its effects on clinical outcomes-A case series.

Purpose: To look for incidence of pregnancy associated TMA, clinical presentation and impact of early diagnosis and institution of plasma exchange on overall renal outcomes METHODS: -This is a retrospective study among all female patients who presented with acute kidney injury post pregnancy between October 2002 to April 2016 in department of nephrology in a tertiary care hospital in northern India and diagnosed as pregnancy induced TMA. The patient were assessed for duration of onset of renal failure to time of diagnosis of TMA, role of modality of treatment ie plasmpaharesis to outcome. These patients were assessed for complete, partial or no recovery in renal functions at 60 days after admission.

Vasculitis and vasculopathy in Lupus Nephritis: Clinical variability, outcome, and new insight into treatment.

More than 50% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have renal involvement at presentation or during their illness. Lupus nephritis (LN) encompasses several patterns of renal disease, including glomerular, tubulointerstitial, and vascular pathologies. The presence and significance of renal vascular lesions (VLs) are often overlooked.