A Comprehensive Review on Advanced Extraction Techniques for Retrieving Bioactive Components from Natural Sources.

The extraction of bioactive components from natural sources has gained significant attention in recent years due to increasing demand for natural and functional constituents in various industries, including pharmaceuticals, food, and cosmetics. This review paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the studies on extracting bioactive components from natural sources using different advanced extraction techniques. It highlights the need for efficient extraction methods to preserve these components' integrity and bioactivity.

Hypoxia and the Prolyl Hydroxylase Inhibitor FG-4592 Protect Corneal Endothelial Cells From Mechanical and Perioperative Surgical Stress.

Purpose: To determine whether hypoxia preconditioning can protect corneal endothelial cells from mechanical stress and perioperative procedures mimicking Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK).

Methods: Preconditioning was delivered by 2 hours of 0.5% oxygen incubation in a hypoxia chamber or by exposure to the prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor FG-4592, which prevents hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha degradation.

Comparison of culture-negative and culture-positive microbial keratitis: cause of culture negativity, clinical features and final outcome.

Purpose: To determine the causes of culture negativity and compare clinical outcomes in patients with culture-negative (CN) keratitis versus culture-positive (CP) keratitis.

Methods: Medical and microbiology records of 60 patients, who presented at the L V Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar, between January 2009 and December 2010, and who were clinically diagnosed to have microbial keratitis were retrospectively reviewed. Detailed ocular examination was performed before corneal scraping was sent for microbiological workup.

The efficacy of corneal debridement in the treatment of microsporidial keratoconjunctivitis: a prospective randomized clinical trial.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of corneal debridement in the treatment of clinically diagnosed cases of microsporidial keratoconjunctivitis.

Design: Prospective, double-masked randomized clinical trial.

Methods: Patients with clinical features such as multifocal, coarse, raised, punctate, round to oval epithelial lesions in the cornea in slit-lamp examination with mild to moderate conjunctival congestion, suggestive of microsporidial superficial keratoconjunctivitis, were included in the prospective study.

Role of liquid culture media in the laboratory diagnosis of microbial keratitis.

Purpose: To determine whether liquid culture media are helpful in the diagnosis of infectious keratitis.

Design: Retrospective noncomparative case series.

Subjects And Methods: This is a retrospective review of microbiology records of 114 corneal scraping samples from infectious keratitis patients.

An unusual cause of macular infarction: protein-losing enteropathy.

Protein-losing enteropathy is a multisystem disorder characterized by abnormally high loss of plasma proteins in the gastrointestinal tract. In addition to loss of plasma proteins there is also loss of anticoagulant globulins leading to a prothrombotic state in the body. Single case observation.

Iris cysts: a review.

Iris cysts though uncommon, present diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. With the advent of better investigational modalities it is not so difficult to characterize iris cysts and differentiate them from uveal tumors. Management strategies however, are still not clearly defined and long term course especially of inclusion cysts of the iris remains dismal.