Gender Differences and Performance Changes in Sprinting and Long Jump Among Young Athletes.

This research aimed to examine the dynamics of changes in sprint and long jump performance and the age of gender divergence in well-trained young athletes specialising in athletics. Data were collected from 1249 male and 1497 female athletes aged 10 to 15 years who participated in the final round of the annual national athletics tournament "Shipovka Yunykh" from 2017 to 2019. The top 50 results in each age group for the 60-metre sprint and long jump were analysed.

The Influence of Caffeine on Tolerance to Sport-Specific High-Intensity Exercise in Young Elite Soccer Players.

Background: Modern elite football places extremely high demands on the athlete's body, so it is of practical interest to study the effect of various dietary supplements on load tolerance and postexercise recovery. Furthermore, there is a lack of research on the effects of caffeine on key measures of load tolerance in football such as delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS), rate of perceived exertion (RPE) and heart rate (HR) at different time points after the exercise.

Methods: 54 young players aged 15-17 years from a leading Russian football academy took part in a randomised trial using the balanced placebo design.

Socio-Demographic Influences on Dietary Habits and Nutritional Awareness: A Case Study of Polish Biathlon Association National Team Members.

Introduction: This study investigated the influence of sociodemographic factors on the dietary habits of athletes of the Polish Biathlon Association. Focusing on age, education, employment status, and gender, this research assesses food choices, meal preparation, and nutritional awareness within a structured sports environment. A cross-sectional survey of 54 athletes was conducted using a modified "Eating Habits of Poles" questionnaire to explore food selection, preparation methods, consumption patterns, and nutritional perspectives.

The Effect of Cannabidiol on Performance and Post-Load Recovery among Healthy and Physically Active Individuals: A Systematic Review.

Athlete performance and post-load recovery can be considered one of the most important and actively discussed topics in professional sport. One substance aimed at improving performance is cannabidiol (CBD), which has been actively gaining popularity with several studies published in recent years. The PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases were searched from inception to April 2024 according to PRISMA recommendations to identify studies on the effects of CBD on exercise capacity and post-load recovery.

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Ruptures in Russian Premier League Soccer Players During the 2010 to 2021/2022 Competitive Seasons: The Epidemiology and Details of Return to Sports.

Background: There are limited data on the epidemiology of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures in elite adult soccer players, especially in the Russian Premier League (RPL). There is an increased risk of injury due to a combination of additional risk factors such as playing in extremely high and low temperatures, frequent long flights, and regular play on natural and artificial surfaces.

Purpose: To study the epidemiology of ACL ruptures and determine the patterns associated with their occurrence in RPL soccer players.

The effects of anti-doping measures on sports performance in weightlifting.

Background: Evaluating anti-doping measures is essential to optimise their effectiveness. Comparing sporting results that have a higher doping prevalence, such as weightlifting, before and after the implementation of anti-doping measures may serve as an effectiveness indicator.

Methods: The results of the most successful weightlifters of both sexes in two time periods, 2009-2015 and 2016-2022 were analysed.

A Comparative Analysis Between Conservative Treatment, Arthroscopic Repair, and Biceps Tenodesis in Superior Labral Anterior-Posterior (SLAP) Lesions.

Background "Throwing shoulder" hinders athletes' shoulder functions, causing pain, weakness, and performance reduction due to anatomical, physiological, and biomechanical factors. Anatomical issues include superior labral anterior-posterior (SLAP) injuries, rotator cuff injuries, and glenohumeral instability. Methods This study compared arthroscopic labral repairs in patients under 40 years old with shoulder injuries between 2015 and 2017.

Are Late-Born Young Soccer Players Less Mature Than Their Early-Born Peers, Although No Differences in Physical and Technical Performance Are Evident?

The aim of the study was to compare the status of somatic maturity, anthropometry, strength, speed, and soccer-specific technical skills of players from leading youth soccer academies born in different quarters of the same calendar year. A total of 678 young male soccer players from eight leading Russian soccer academies took part in the study. The following anthropometric measures and physical characteristics were measured: height, weight, body mass index, countermovement jumps (CMJ), 5, 10, and 20 m sprints, speed dribbling, foot and body ball juggling, and short and long pass accuracy.

The relationship of testosterone levels with sprint performance in young professional track and field athletes.

Evidence suggests that higher testosterone levels may provide an athletic advantage. Therefore, it is of practical interest to examine the association between testosterone levels and power- and strength-related traits in young professional track and field athletes, and to consider the factors that determine testosterone levels. The study involved 68 young professional athletes (45 females, 17.

The application of trimetazidine in healthy individuals: a systematic review.

Objective: Currently, there is no evidence to support trimetazidine (TMZ) administration aimed at enhancing physical performance or post-exercise recovery in healthy individuals or athletes from the general and athletic populations, respectively. Considering the lack of empirical data, from a scientific and practical perspective, it would be interesting to review research with high methodological quality that examines the effects of TMZ on healthy individuals and athletes from various age groups.

Materials And Methods: Data sources included English articles that were initially searched by keywords utilizing PubMed, Scopus databases, and the Cochrane Library and published prior to November 2022.

The relationship between ambient temperature and match running performance of elite soccer players.

The influence of environmental factors on key physical parameters of soccer players during competitive match-play have been widely investigated in the literature, although little is known on the effects of sub-zero ambient temperatures on the performance of adult elite soccer players during competitive matches. The aim of this study was to assess how the teams' match running performance indicators are related to low ambient temperature during competitive matches in the Russian Premier League. A total of 1142 matches played during the 2016/2017 to 2020/2021 seasons were examined.

Effect of xenon and argon inhalation on erythropoiesis and steroidogenesis: A systematic review.

Background: Xenon and argon inhalation were included on the WADA Prohibited List in 2014 due to the reported positive effects on erythropoiesis and steroidogenesis that occur as a result of their application. Thus, the systematic review of studies supporting these notions is of interest.

Methods: A thorough search on the effects of xenon and argon inhalation on erythropoiesis and steroidogenesis, as well as their negative effects on human health and method detection was conducted.

Effects of new anti-doping measures on sports performance in elite female athletes.

Studies examining the effects of new anti-doping measures on sports performance in elite athletes are scarce. During the last decade, a number of new anti-doping methods for the detection of anabolic androgenic steroids were developed. We hypothesized that the implementation of these methods may cause a decrease of performance in athletic disciplines where given substances are widely used.

The relative age effect is widespread among European adult professional soccer players but does not affect their market value.

Background: The relative age effect (RAE) is most prevalent in highly competitive youth soccer and persists to a lesser extent in senior soccer. However, it is known that soccer players born in the second half of the year are as successful at senior level, indicating that they are equally talented although under-represented at youth level due to bias during the selection process, in which the emphasis is on more pronounced physical qualities in a specific period of time. Examining the prevalence of the RAE among professional soccer players depending on the level of competition and playing position, as well as analyzing the relationship between the player's birth quarter and market value, are of scientific interest.

Does vitamin D affect strength and speed characteristics and testosterone concentration in elite young track and field athletes in the North European summer?

Background: Currently there are no data examining the relationship between the serum concentration of vitamin D bio-chemical marker 25(OH)D and strength and speed characteristics in elite young track and field athletes. Moreover, there are currently no data examining the correlation of vitamin D status with testosterone concentration in elite young track and field athletes. In studies involving members of the general population and athletes from other sports, conflicting data have been reported.

The Effect of a Single Dose of Citrulline on the Physical Performance of Soccer-Specific Exercise in Adult Elite Soccer Players (A Pilot Randomized Double-Blind Trial).

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a single intake of citrulline at 3 g and 6 g doses in adult elite soccer players performing sport-specific exercise.

Materials And Methods: This randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study analyzed 18 soccer players from the top divisions of three European countries. Participants were randomized into three groups of six each and performed a field-based soccer-specific test for 18 min.

The mid-term effect of Osgood-Schlatter disease on knee function in young players from elite soccer academies.

Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of Osgood-Schlatter disease (OSD) on knee joint function in elite young soccer players. Our hypothesis was that knee joint function in elite young soccer players was impaired following OSD compared with soccer players with no history of OSD.

Method: In young male soccer players (n = 36) from elite academies (mean ±SD, age: age: 15,3 ± 1,7 years; height: 1,7 ± 0,06 m; weight: 63,5 ± 8 kg; BMI: 20,7 ± 2).

The Physical Demands of Match-Play in Academy and Senior Soccer Players from the Scottish Premiership.

The present study aimed to assess the physical match performance among senior and youth soccer players from an elite Scottish Premiership club during the 2021/2022 season. Twenty-two first team (25.9 ± 4.

Sport-Specific Rehabilitation, but Not PRP Injections, Might Reduce the Re-Injury Rate of Muscle Injuries in Professional Soccer Players: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections are extremely popular in the management of sports injuries in elite athletes. However, data on the use of various administration protocols of PRP are contradictory. The efficacy of platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of muscle injuries in professional soccer players has to be contextualized within the sport-specific rehabilitation program.

The Immunological and Hormonal Responses to Competitive Match-Play in Elite Soccer Players.

This study aimed to examine the salivary immunoglobulin A (s-IgA) and salivary cortisol (s-Cort) responses to competitive matches in elite male soccer players. Data were collected for 19 players (mean ± SD, age: 26 ± 4 years; weight: 80.5 ± 8.

The Relative Age Effect in the Best Track and Field Athletes Aged 10 to 15 Years Old.

(1) The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of the relative age effect (RAE) in the best young (10 to 15 years old) track and field athletes. (2) Hypothesis: The prevalence of the RAE in the best young track and field athletes of both genders will be evident in all age groups from 10 to 15 years old, which may be associated with the significant relationship between biological maturity, chronological age, and the development of physical qualities. (3) Materials and methods: In total, 1778 athletes volunteered for this study.