[Treatment of purulent wounds with wound dressing on a foamy basis with Hydrofiber technology].

Aim: to evaluate the effectiveness of modern approaches to the treatment of purulent wounds with the use of foam-based wound coatings with the Hydrofiber technology in comparison with the traditional method of wounds.

Material And Methods: An analysis of the results of treatment of 34 patients with purulent wounds of various etiologies was performed. Patients were divided into two groups: control and basic.

[Enzymatic biocatalysis in chemical synthesis of pharmaceuticals].

In this review we summarize the available research on enzymatic biocatalysis in the chemical synthesis of drugs. We focus on oxydoreductsases, particularly ketoreductases, that are widely used in biotechnological processes: alpha- and omega-transaminases, lipases, nitrile hydrolases, and aldolases. The potential for the extended use of novel enzymes produced via bioengineering is discussed.

[Lipases in catalytic reactions of organic chemistry].

Aspects of enzymatic catalysis in lipase-catalyzed reactions of organic synthesis are discussed in the review. The data on modern methods of protein engineering and enzyme modification allowing a broader range of used substrates are briefly summarized. The application of lipase in the preparation of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals containing no inactive enantiomers and in the synthesis of secondary alcohol enantiomers and optically active amides is demonstrated.

[Organization of metabolic pathways and molecular-genetic mechanisms of xenobiotic biodegradation in microorganisms: a review].

Contemporary data on the mechanism of biodegradation of aromatic hydrocarbons and biodegradation genes (genomic organization and pathways of evolution) in diverse groups of microorganisms have been reviewed. Studies of this problem are topical, in view of the need in identification and construction of new strains degrading xenobiotics, particularly those halogenated. For this reason, emphasis is placed on specific features of explored metabolic pathways that can be used for constructing new enzymatic systems not present in nature.

[Nanobiotechnology and biosensor research].

Nanobiotechnology is defined as an interdisciplinary field of science that studies the application of fine-sized biological objects (of nanoscale, 1-100 nm) to design the devices and systems of the same size that utilize for new purposes the unusual, known, or previously unknown effects. Analysis demonstrates that the final goals, approaches, solution methods, and applications of nanostructures and biological sensors have much in common. This brief review attempts to systematize a number of the available data and pick out an organic connection of the new research direction with the field of biosensor technology, which have reached the level of sustainable development.

[Consumption of volatile organic compounds by alcaliphilic microorganisms].

It has been shown that various microbial species used in bioreactors for purification of air from volatile organic compounds can grow at alkaline pH values consuming the xenobiotics as sole carbon sources. The alkali tolerance depends on the carbon source. The alkaline pH of the medium reduces the foreign microbial population restricting the potential of the bioreactor.

[Monitoring of microbial degraders in manned space stations].

Samples of microorganisms from the surface of constructions of Mir Space Station (Mir SS) were taken and examined after 13 years of operation. The following microorganisms were isolated and identified: 12 fungal species belonging to the genera Penicillium, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, and Aureobasidium; 3 yeast species belonging to the genera Debaryomyces, Candida, and Rhodotorula; and 4 bacterial species belonging to the genera Bacillus, Myxococcus, and Rhodococcus. The predominant species in all samples was Penicillium chrisogenum.

[An immunoregulatory effect of endoglucanase preparations on plant resistance to fungal infections].

Effects of enzymatic preparations--pectomacerin, hemicellulase, and Trichoderma viride 13/10 cellulase--on the plant immunological status were studied by examples of the pathosystems carrot root-white rot agent (Sclerotinia libertiana) and carrot root-black rot agent (Rhizopus nigricans). It was demonstrated that these preparations reduced the damage of infections, namely, decreased the permeability of cell membranes in infected tissue and stimulated its defense responses, which manifested itself in a stable elevation in the content of phenolic compounds and formation of tissue protective barriers.

[Isolation of endo-1,4-beta-xylanase from Geotrichum candidum 3C with various ability of sorption on an insoluble substrate].

Culture liquid from Geotrichum candidum 3C was shown to contain three endoxylanase types: endoxylanase I that binds to cellulose, endoxylanase II that sorbs to insoluble xylan, and endoxylanase III that cannot sorb to dissoluble substrate. The catalytic and substrate-binding domains of endoxylanase II were isolated.

[Use of the enzyme preparation cellocandin from Geotrichum candidum 3C-106 for difibering of waste paper and dessication of cellulose suspension].

The effect of cellocandin, an enzymatic preparation from Getrichum candidum 3C-106 with cellulolytic and xylanolytic activities, on defibring of waste paper and acceleration of desiccation of paper pulp was studied. It was shown that cellocandin accelerated defibring of waste paper to cellulose fibers and desiccation of cellulose suspension.

[Ethylene-induced activation of xylanase in adventitious roots of maize as a response to the stress effect of root submersion].

Submersion of roots of ten-day-old maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings was accompanied by a decrease in pO2 and an increase in pCO2 of the medium adjacent to roots. These changes stimulated ethylene evolution in intact plants.

[Analysis of kinetic parameters of gas phase bioreactors].

The dependence of toluene elimination capacity on its load was obtained in five small-scale reactors filled with glass beads carrying biocatalyst cells. With increase in operation time the calculated maximal elimination capacity was shown to increase along with biomass density in the biocatalyst bed. Fivefold increase in trickling intensity did not affect the reactor performance.

[Formation of xylitol in Candida guilliermondii 2581 culture].

The yeast strain Candida guilliermondii 2581 was chosen for its ability to produce xylitol in media with high concentrations of xylose. The rate of xylitol production at a xylose concentration of 150 g/l is 1.25 g/l per h; the concentration of xylitol after three days of cultivation is 90 g/l; and the relative xylitol yield is 0.

[Formation of an extracellular system of enzymes during growth of Geotrichum candidum 3C on cell walls isolated from cereal grain capsules].

The activities of extracellular systems of hemicellulases, pectinases, and cellulases was studied during a 72-h cultivation of Geotrichum candidum 3C. The culture was grown on a medium containing 3% cell walls isolated from wheat grain capsules, which served as the sole carbon source. Enzymes catalyzing the degradation of pectin substances (beet pectin, alpha-L-arabinan, and 1,4-beta-D-galactan), as well as beta-D-galactosidase and alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase involved in their hydrolysis, were formed first (4 h after the beginning of cultivation).

[Isolation, purification and properties of acetolactate synthase from cultured Lactococcus lactis].

Acetolactate synthase catalyzing the synthesis of alpha-acetolactate was isolated from lactic acid bacteria Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis biovar. diacetylactis 4 and purified.

[Assimilation of propane and properties of propan monooxygenase from Rhodococcus erythropolis 3/89].

The ability of propane-assimilating microorganisms of the genus Rhodococcus to utilize metabolites of the terminal and subterminal pathways of propane oxidation was studied. Propane monooxygenase of Rhodococcus erythropolis 3/89 was shown to be the an inducible enzyme catalyzing epoxidation and hydroxylation of organic compounds. The optimum conditions for epoxidation of gaseous and liquid alkenes and hydroxylation of aromatic carbohydrates were found.

[Beta-galactosidase of the superthermophilic anaerobic bacteria Thermoanaerobium sp. 2905 and its immobilization].

The composition of nutrition medium for cultivating the extreme thermophilic anaerobe Thermoanaerobium sp. 2905 was optimized, which enabled the bacterial beta-galactosidase production to be substantially enhanced. Xylan and ammonium phosphate were selected as optimal carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively.

[Purification and characteristic of endo-(1--4)-beta-xylanase from Geotrichum candidum 3C].

A method of purification of endo-(1-->4)-beta-xylanase (endoxylanase; EC 3.2.1.

[Oxidation of organic compounds by Rhodococcus erythropolis 3/89 propanomonooxygenase].

The ability of propane monooxygenase of Rhodococcus erythropolis 3/89 to catalyze oxidation of higher liquid alkenes and aromatic hydrocarbons was studied. Optimal conditions of tetradecene epoxidation and benzene hydroxylation were found. Under these conditions, oxidation was shown to be accompanied by a 100% conversion of benzene to phenol.

[Isolation and purification of acetolactate synthase and acetolactate decarboxylase from a Lactococcus lactis culture].

Enzymes catalyzing the synthesis and subsequent transformation of alpha-acetolactate (AcL)--acetolactate synthase (AcLS) and acetolactate decarboxylase (AcLDC)--were isolated and partially purified from the cells of lactic acid bacteria Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis biovar. diacetylactis strain 4.

[Immobilized catalase in water purification systems].

The results of studies on producing the biocatalyst based on catalase immobilized in the fibers from triacetate are presented. The catalase producer is Penicillium fungus. Catalase was produced by precipitation with the use of ethyl alcohol from the cultural fluid with separate and unseparate mycelium.

[Development of microbiological technology of air deodoration in laboratory-industrial conditions using a pilot plant].

Laboratory tests were performed to select a complex of bacterial strains capable of effective deodoration of waste air produced by an animal formulated feed works under elevated temperature with the presence of numerous organic pollutants. The complex included species from the general Nocardia, Rhodococcus, and Comamonas. The biocatalyst was tested in a real industrial process with the use of a pilot plant for microbiological deodoration of waste air.

[Localization of catalysis enzyme systems that degrade higher plants' cell wall polysaccharides. Pectinases (review)].

This paper reviews recent data on the locations and compositions of enzyme systems catalyzing the cleavage of cellulose, hemicelluloses, and pectin polysaccharides in higher plants. The physiological functions and physicochemical properties of certain enzymes degrading pectin polymers in higher plants, fungi, and bacteria are described.

[Tn5-mutagenesis of the styrene-degrading strain Pseudomonas sp. Y2. Analysis of transformation products and DNA-scopy of the mutants obtained].

The bacterium Pseudomonas sp. Y2 using styrene as a sole source of carbon and energy was subjected to transposon Tn5(Kmr) mutagenesis. The mutants were divided into three classes by the ability to grow on styrene, 2-phenylethanol, and phenylacetate.