Neonatal Sepsis Due to Multidrug-resistant Bacteria at a Tertiary Teaching Hospital in Ethiopia.

Background: The burden of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections in low-income countries is alarming. This study aimed to identify the bacterial etiologies and antibiotic resistance patterns among neonates in Jimma, Ethiopia.

Methods: An observational longitudinal study was conducted among 238 presumptive neonatal sepsis cases tested with blood and/or cerebrospinal fluid culture.

Gastric outlet obstruction due to peptic ulcer disease in a 5 years-old female child. Case report. June 23, 2022.

Introduction And Importance: Gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) is a spectrum of congenital and acquired conditions that prevent the passage of gastric contents beyond the proximal duodenum. Peptic ulcer disease (PUD), which causes GOO, is extremely rare in children, with an incidence of 1 per 100,000 live births. Because of the rarity of the disease in children, we report a case of GOO due to PUD in a 5-year-old child.

Escalating spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection after school reopening among students in hotspot districts of Oromia Region in Ethiopia: Longitudinal study.

Background: COVID-19 pandemic caused by extended variants of SARS-CoV-2 has infected more than 350 million people, resulting in over 5.5 million deaths globally. However, the actual burden of the pandemic in Africa, particularly among children, remains largely unknown.

A comparison of risk factors for cryptosporidiosis and non-cryptosporidiosis diarrhoea: A case-case-control study in Ethiopian children.

Background: Cryptosporidiosis is a major cause of diarrhoea in young children in low-and-middle-income countries. New interventions should be informed by evidence pertaining to risk factors and their relative importance. Inconsistencies in the literature may to some extent be explained by choice of methodology, furthermore, most previous risk factor studies compared cryptosporidiosis cases to diarrhoea cases of other aetiologies rather than with controls without diarrhoea.

Fatal Left Ventricular Aneurysm in a 13 Years Old Male Child: A Case Report.

Background: A pouch protruding from the free wall of the left ventricle may be either a congenital ventricular diverticulum or congenital ventricular aneurysm. Congenital ventricular aneurism is a ventricular protuberance which is a kinetic or dyskinetic and on histology is predominantly fibrous tissue with no organized myocardium. Common clinical presentations of congenital ventricular aneurism are arrhythmia, rupture and heart failure.

Clinical Profile of Neonates Admitted with Sepsis to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Jimma Medical Center, A Tertiary Hospital in Ethiopia.

Background: Globally, over 3 million newborn die each year, one million of these attributed to infections. The objective of this study was to determine the etiologies and clinical characteristics of sepsis in neonates admitted to intensive care unit of a tertiary hospital in Ethiopia.

Methods: A longitudinal hospital based cohort study was conducted from April 1 to October 31, 2018 at the neonatal intensive care unit of Jimma Medical Center, southwest Ethiopia.

Antenatal Steroid Utilization in Ethiopia.

Administration of antenatal corticosteroids to pregnant mothers is one of the most effective interventions to decrease preterm neonatal mortality. In this study we assessed antenatal steroid utilization by the mother and its effect on preterm babies. Two years prospective, multicenter, observational study was conducted in selected hospitals of Ethiopia.

Performance and operational feasibility of two diagnostic tests for cryptosporidiosis in children (CRYPTO-POC): a clinical, prospective, diagnostic accuracy study.

Background: Cryptosporidiosis is a common cause of diarrhoea in young children (aged younger than 24 months) in low-resource settings but is currently challenging to diagnose. Light-emitting diode fluorescence microscopy with auramine-phenol staining (LED-AP), recommended for tuberculosis testing, can also detect Cryptosporidium species. A lateral-flow test not requiring refrigerator storage (by contrast with most immunochromatographic lateral-flow assays) has also recently been developed for Cryptosporidium spp detection.

Bacterial Isolates and Resistance Patterns in Preterm Infants with Sepsis in Selected Hospitals in Ethiopia: A Longitudinal Observational Study.

Neonatal sepsis is the third leading cause of neonatal mortality, behind prematurity and intrapartum-related complications. The main objectives of this study are to assess the proportion of sepsis in preterm newborns and identify the etiologic agents and their antibiotic sensitivity patterns. A longitudinal observational study was done from July 2016 to May 2018.

Minimally Invasive Tissue Sampling in Preterm Deaths: A Validation Study.

Uncertainty about the causes of neonatal deaths impedes achieving global health targets to reduce mortality. Complete diagnostic autopsy (CDA) is the gold standard to determine cause of death. However, it is often difficult to perform in high-burden, low-income settings.

A comparison of MITS counseling and informed consent processes in Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Kenya, and Ethiopia.

Globally, more than 5 million stillbirths and neonatal deaths occur annually. For many, the cause of death (CoD) is unknown. Minimally invasive tissue sampling (MITS) has been increasingly used in postmortem examinations for ascertaining the CoD in stillbirths and neonates.

Critical evaluation of the appetite test for children with severe acute malnutrition.

Objectives: The appetite test is used to risk stratify for children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in inpatient or outpatient care. The test is recommended in guidelines despite lack of evidence. We evaluated its ability to identify children at risk of a poor treatment outcome.

Lumbo-Costo-Vertebral Syndrome with Congenital Lumbar Hernia: Case Report.

Background: Lumbo-costo-vertebral syndrome is a set of rare abnormalities involving vertebral bodies, ribs, and abdominal wall.

Case: We present a case of Lumbo-costo-vertebral syndrome in a 6-month old female infant who had a progressive swelling over the right lumbar area since birth. Clinical examination revealed a reducible swelling on the right flank with positive cough impulse.

Aphalia: An Extremely Rare Congenital Genitourinary Malformation-A Case Report.

Background: Congenital aphalia is an extremely rare, urogenital malformation of the external genitalia characterized by congenitally absent penis in a karotypically XY child. It occurs 1 in 30 million live births. So far, only less than 100 cases have been reported.

Prolonged and persistent diarrhoea is not restricted to children with acute malnutrition: an observational study in Ethiopia.

Objectives: To assess the prevalence of prolonged and persistent diarrhoea, to estimate their co-occurrence with acute malnutrition and association with demographic and clinical factors.

Methods: Case-control study where cases were children under 5 years of age with diarrhoea and controls were children without diarrhoea, frequency-matched weekly by age and district of residency. Controls for cases 0-11 months were recruited from vaccination rooms, and controls for cases 12-59 months were recruited by house visits using random locations in the catchment area of the study sites.

Major causes of death in preterm infants in selected hospitals in Ethiopia (SIP): a prospective, cross-sectional, observational study.

Background: Neonatal deaths now account for 47% of all deaths in children younger than 5 years globally. More than a third of newborn deaths are due to preterm birth complications, which is the leading cause of death. Understanding the causes and factors contributing to neonatal deaths is needed to identify interventions that will reduce mortality.

Intravenous fluid contaminated with Klebsiella oxytoca as a source of sepsis in a preterm newborn: Case report.

Advances in neonatal care have led to the increasing survival of smaller and sicker infants, but nosocomial infections continue to be a serious problem, associated with increased mortality rates, immediate and long-term morbidity, prolonged hospital stay, and increased cost of care. We report a case of hospital-acquired sepsis in a preterm baby secondary to Klebsiella oxytoca, resulting from contaminated intravenous fluid.

A Prospective Study of Causes of Illness and Death in Preterm Infants in Ethiopia: The SIP Study Protocol.

Background: With nearly 15 million annual preterm births globally, preterm birth is the most common cause of neonatal death. Forty to 60 % of neonatal deaths are directly or indirectly associated with preterm mortality. As countries aim to meet the Sustainable Development Goals to reduce neonatal mortality, significant reductions in preterm mortality are needed.