Insights Into Retinal Pathologies in Neurological Disorders: A Focus on Parkinson's Disease, Multiple Sclerosis, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, and Alzheimer's Disease.

Neurological diseases are central nervous system (CNS) disorders affecting the whole body. Early diagnosis of the diseases is difficult due to the lack of disease-specific tests. Adding new biomarkers external to the CNS facilitates the diagnosis of neurological diseases.

An Expanded Narrative Review of Neurotransmitters on Alzheimer's Disease: The Role of Therapeutic Interventions on Neurotransmission.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease. The accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles are the key players responsible for the pathogenesis of the disease. The accumulation of Aβ plaques and tau affect the balance in chemical neurotransmitters in the brain.

Composition characterization and biological activity study of Achillea vermicularis extract and extract-loaded nanoparticles.

Antiproliferative activity of Achillea vermicularis extracts was calculated on glial (C6) and keratinocyte (HaCaT) cell lines using XTT assay. It was observed that all extracts of A. vermicularis at the determined concentration were not cytotoxic in HaCaT cell lines.