Disentangling the perceptual underpinnings of autism: Evidence from a face aftereffects experiment.

Existing literature has documented diminished norm-based adaptation (aftereffects) across several perceptual domains in autism. However, the exact underlying mechanisms, such as sensory dominance possibly caused by imprecise priors and/or increased sensory precision, remain elusive. The "Bayesian brain" framework offers refined methods to investigate these mechanisms.

Structural Learning in Autistic and Non-Autistic Children: A Replication and Extension.

The hippocampus is involved in many cognitive domains which are difficult for autistic individuals. Our previous study using a Structural Learning task that has been shown to depend on hippocampal functioning found that structural learning is diminished in autistic adults (Ring et al., 2017).

A Concept for Mining Transitive Sequential Patterns from Pancreatic Cancer Patient Journeys.

Pancreatic cancer, renowned for its aggressive nature and poor prognosis, necessitates the optimization of treatment strategies. The sequence of procedures in clinical trials is critical, such as evaluating the potential benefits of preoperative chemo-radio-therapy for pancreatic cancer. Nevertheless, we might not be aware of other temporal sequences which have an effect on therapy response or the general outcome.

Robust, high-yield, rapid fabrication of DNA constructs for Magnetic Tweezers.

Single-molecule techniques are highly sensitive tools that can reveal reaction intermediates often obscured in experiments involving large ensembles of molecules. Therefore, they provide unprecedented information on the mechanisms that control biomolecular reactions. Currently, one of the most significant single-molecule assays is Magnetic Tweezers (MT), which probes enzymatic reactions at high spatio-temporal resolutions on tens, if not hundreds, of molecules simultaneously.

Condensation or Desublimation: Nanolevel Structural Look on Two Frost Formation Pathways on Surfaces with Different Wettabilities.

Processes of water condensation and desublimation on solid surfaces are ubiquitous in nature and essential for various industrial applications, which are crucial for their performance. Despite their significance, these processes are not well understood due to the lack of methods that can provide insight at the nanolevel into the very first stages of phase transitions. Taking advantage of synchrotron grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), two pathways of the frosting process from supersaturated vapors were studied in real time for substrates with different wettabilities ranging from highly hydrophilic to superhydrophobic.

Participation of Veterans Affairs Medical Centers in veteran-centric community-based service navigation networks: A mixed methods study.

Objective: To understand the determinants and benefits of cross-sector partnerships between Veterans Affairs Medical Centers (VAMCs) and geographically affiliated AmericaServes Network coordination centers that address Veteran health-related social needs.

Data Sources And Setting: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with AmericaServes and VAMC staff across seven regional networks. We matched administrative data to calculate the percentage of AmericaServes referrals that were successfully resolved (i.

An anchor-tether 'hindered' HCN1 inhibitor is antihyperalgesic in a rat spared nerve injury neuropathic pain model.

Background: Neuropathic pain impairs quality of life, is widely prevalent, and incurs significant costs. Current pharmacological therapies have poor/no efficacy and significant adverse effects; safe and effective alternatives are needed. Hyperpolarisation-activated cyclic nucleotide-regulated (HCN) channels are causally implicated in some forms of peripherally mediated neuropathic pain.

Effects of an integrated mindfulness intervention for veterans with diabetes distress: a randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: US military veterans have disproportionately high rates of diabetes and diabetes-related morbidity in addition to being at risk of comorbid stress-related conditions. This study aimed to examine the effects of a technology-supported mindfulness intervention integrated into usual diabetes care and education on psychological and biobehavioral outcomes.

Research Design And Methods: Veterans (N=132) with type 1 or 2 diabetes participated in this two-arm randomized controlled efficacy trial.

Sixteen Weeks of Aerobic Exercise does not Alter Resting-state Connectivity of the Precuneus in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease.

Introduction: In healthy elderly persons and patients with mild cognitive impairment, physical exercise can increase functional brain connectivity in the default mode network (DMN) measured by restingstate functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). However, no studies have so far investigated the effect of physical exercise on functional resting-state connectivity in the DMN in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Objective: In a single-blinded randomized controlled trial, we assessed the effects of an aerobic exercise intervention of 16 weeks of physical exercise on DMN connectivity using rs-fMRI in patients with AD.

Participant evaluation of a behavioral intervention targeting reduction of sedentary behavior in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a mixed methods study.

The "Joint Resources - Sedentary Behavior Study" (JR-SB) revealed significant behavioral and cardio-metabolic effects of reducing daily sedentary behavior replaced by light-intensity physical activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. This study explores the participant perception and experiences of the intervention and impact on the participants' health, family and physical activity behavior. A mixed-methods study design, including quantitative and qualitative data, was applied.

Inter-Day Test-Retest Reproducibility of the CAT, CCQ, HADS and EQ-5D-3L in Patients with Severe and Very Severe COPD.

Introduction: In patients with COPD, the COPD Assessment Test (CAT), Clinical COPD Questionnaire (CCQ), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and EuroQol 5D (EQ-5D-3L) are widely used patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) of respiratory symptoms, anxiety, depression and quality of life. Despite established validity, responsiveness and minimal important change (MIC), the reproducibility and especially important agreement parameters remain unreported in these frequently used PROMs. The aim of this study was to investigate the inter-day test-retest reliability and agreement of the CAT, CCQ, HADS and EQ-5D-3L in patients with severe and very severe COPD (FEV1 <50%) eligible for hospital-based pulmonary rehabilitation.

Exercise in patients with hip osteoarthritis - effects on muscle and functional performance: A randomized trial.

Background: It is believed that clinical management of osteoarthritis should address muscle weakness to improve physical function and prevent disability and frailty.

Objectives: This sub-study investigated the effects of supervised progressive resistance training (RT), supervised Nordic Walking (NW), and unsupervised home-based exercise (HBE) on muscle and functional performance; and associations between these exercise-induced changes in persons with hip osteoarthritis.

Methods: Forty-two patients with hip osteoarthritis were recruited from a larger RCT (NCT01387867).

Wide-angle static and dynamic light scattering under shear.

We develop and characterize a wide angle static and dynamic light scattering under shear setup. The apparatus is suitable for the study of the structure and the dynamics of soft materials systems with a sub-micron characteristic length scale. The shear device consists in two parallel plates, and the optical setup allows us to perform light scattering measurements in any plane that contains the gradient of the velocity field direction.

The role of physical and cognitive function in performance of activities of daily living in patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease - a cross-sectional study.

Background: Several factors may play a role in the ability of patients with Alzheimer's disease to perform activities of daily living (ADL). The aim of this study was to examine the impact of different aspects of physical performance and cognitive functions on ADL in patients suffering from mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease.

Methods: We conducted secondary analyses on cross-sectional baseline data from the randomized controlled multicentre study "Preserving quality of life, physical health and functional ability in Alzheimer's Disease: The effect of physical exercise" (ADEX).

The Impact of Self-Efficacy on Activity Limitations in Patients With Hip Osteoarthritis: Results From a Cross-Sectional Study.

Objective: Pain and activity limitations are the main health complaints in osteoarthritis. We explored pathways between pain and activity limitations in a chain mediation model that involved self-efficacy, physical activity behavior, and muscle function in patients with hip osteoarthritis not awaiting hip replacement.

Methods: We used cross-sectional, baseline data from a randomized controlled trial on 152 patients with clinical hip osteoarthritis according to the American College of Rheumatology not awaiting hip replacement.

Veterans' Experiences With Diabetes: A Qualitative Analysis.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to explore an understanding of the psychosocial-behavioral impact of diabetes self-management among veterans with diabetes.

Methods: Twenty-six veterans participated in 1 of 9 focus groups that were conducted following a group diabetes self-management education class and prior to a mindfulness intervention as part of a feasibility pilot study. Discussions were guided by open-ended questions that addressed the overarching research question, "How do attitudes and experiences with diabetes inform psychosocial-educational approaches to diabetes self-management education and care for veterans?" Focus groups were audio-recorded and transcribed.

Health-Related Quality of Life and Physical Function in Individuals with Parkinson's Disease after a Multidisciplinary Rehabilitation Regimen-A Prospective Cohort Feasibility Study.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease and a multidisciplinary approach to rehabilitation has been suggested as the best clinical practice. However, very few studies have investigated the long-term effects of a multidisciplinary rehabilitation approach, particularly regarding whether this can slow the progression of PD. The purpose was to investigate the short- and long-term effect of a 2-week multidisciplinary rehabilitation regimen on the PD-related decline in health-related quality of life (HRQOL), mobility, and muscle function.

12-months follow-up of pulmonary tele-rehabilitation versus standard pulmonary rehabilitation: A multicentre randomised clinical trial in patients with severe COPD.

Between March 2016 and October 2017, we randomised 134 patients with severe COPD from 8 hospitals in the Capital Region of Denmark to participate in either standardised, outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation (control group) or on-line, supervised and home-based tele-rehabilitation (intervention group). We found no difference between the groups in the primary outcome: six minutes walking distance (6MWD) after completion of the programme. The current study presents results from the 12-month follow-up with assessment of the 6MWD and analyses of hospitalisation and mortality.

Brain-behaviour correlates of habitual motivation in chronic back pain.

Chronic pain may sap the motivation for positive events and stimuli. This may lead to a negative behavioural cycle reducing the establishment of appetitive habitual engagement. One potential mechanism for this might be biased learning.

Supervised pulmonary tele-rehabilitation versus pulmonary rehabilitation in severe COPD: a randomised multicentre trial.

Rationale: Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is an effective, key standard treatment for people with COPD. Nevertheless, low participant uptake, insufficient attendance and high drop-out rates are reported. Investigation is warranted of the benefits achieved through alternative approaches, such as pulmonary tele-rehabilitation (PTR).

A randomized controlled trial of the effect of supervised progressive cross-continuum strength training and protein supplementation in older medical patients: the STAND-Cph trial.

Background: During hospitalization, older adults (+ 65 years) are inactive, which puts them at risk of functional decline and loss of independence. Systematic strength training can prevent loss of functional performance and combining strength training with protein supplementation may enhance the response in muscle mass and strength. However, we lack knowledge about the effect of strength training commenced during hospitalization and continued after discharge in older medical patients.