Expulsive choroidal hemorrhage in rabbits. A histopathologic study.

Expulsive hemorrhage is a catastrophic complication of intraocular surgery that can result in total loss of vision. Suprachoroidal effusion and hemorrhage may precede the development of expulsive hemorrhage; however, the relationship remains unclear. After sedation with intravenous pentobarbital sodium, 11 rabbits were given lactated Ringer's solution and heparin sodium intravenously.

Blockage of substance P-induced scratching behavior in rats by the intrathecal administration of inhibitory amino acid agonists.

Intrathecal administration of 20 micrograms of substance P induced scratching behavior in most tested rats (80%). Scratching appeared in bouts of short latency and variable duration, intensity and frequency (range 1-60, mean number of scratching bouts in one hour test: 8.93 +/- 1.

Intrahypothalamic injection of RU486 antagonizes the lordosis induced by ring A-reduced progestins.

We explored the possibility that ring A-reduced progestins facilitate lordosis in estrogen primed rats through their interaction with an intracellular progestin receptor (PR) by using RU486. This drug binds with high affinity to the PR, thus preventing the action of progesterone (P). Ovariectomized estrogen-primed rats (2 micrograms estradiol benzoate 40 hr earlier) were bilaterally injected into the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMHN) with 1 microgram of: P, 5 alpha-pregnanedione or 3 beta,5 beta-pregnanolone in 1 microliter oil.

Oral acyclovir reduces the incidence of recurrent herpes simplex keratitis in rabbits after penetrating keratoplasty.

To determine if acyclovir sodium prevents postoperative herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) recurrences, 21 rabbits harboring latent HSV-1 underwent uniocular autograft penetrating keratoplasty. All operated-on eyes were treated with topical and subconjunctival dexamethasone sodium phosphate. Ten of the 21 rabbits also received oral acyclovir (intravenous acyclovir was given at the time of surgery).

Somato-motor components of the pelvic and pudendal nerves of the female rat.

The efferent innervation of the pelvic and pudendal nerves was characterized in this study by identifying the muscles activated by electrical stimulation of the nerves distal to the point at which they bifurcate from the L6-S1 trunk. Pelvic nerve electrical stimulation produced EMG-monitored contraction of the ipsilateral ilio- and pubococcygeus muscles, which was abolished by cutting one ('muscular') branch of the bifurcated nerve. (This 'muscular' branch receives proprioceptive input activated by tail displacement, whereas the other, 'viscero-cutaneous' branch receives sensory innervation from the midline perineal region.

Barbiturate-induced analgesia: permissive role of a GABAA agonist.

Three doses (0.025, 0.25 and 2.

[Cytochrome P-450 dependent drug metabolism--use of an in vitro test system in multiple chemical exposure].

Investigations of the influence of an actual exposure on the in-vitro-activities and the inducibility of cytochrom P-450 dependent enzymes have not been described in the literature until now. First results gained from mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes of exposed and not-exposed individuals suggest such an influence of the given mixture of noxious agents on the basic deethylational ability of the examined cells acting in the sense of inhibition. Possible causes for this phenomenon are discussed.

Methodology for a better evaluation of the relation between mechanical strength of solids and polymorphic form.

In order to evaluate the role played by polymorphism in the mechanical strength of solid dosage forms (e.g. compressed tablets) and minimize the influence of other factors (such as compaction force, porosity, particle size, and possibly crystal habit), a melted disc technology was developed.

Copulatory pelvic thrusting in the male rat is insensitive to the perispinal administration of glycine and GABA antagonists.

The role of the inhibitory neurotransmitters glycine and GABA in the pacing of pelvic thrusting during copulation was assessed in male rats by an accelerometric technique. Either strychnine, an antagonist of glycine (10 micrograms), bicuculline, an antagonist of GABA (1 microgram), or a combination of strychnine (5 micrograms) plus bicuculline (0.3 microgram), and saline as control, were administered intrathecally to sexually active males.

Characterization of ligand binding to mitochondrial benzodiazepine receptors.

We have evaluated the affinity and density of binding sites for [3H]Ro5-4864 and [3H]PK11195 in intact and fragmented rat kidney mitochondria. These sites are known as peripheral-type or mitochondrial benzodiazepine receptors (MBR) and the preceding paper provided evidence that they function in vitro as modulators of mitochondrial respiratory control (1). In this report, MBR density, localization, and ligand specificity were investigated.

Mitochondrial benzodiazepine receptors mediate inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory control.

Drugs that bound to the peripheral-type or mitochondrial benzodiazepine receptors in rat kidney mitochondria produced several effects on mitochondrial respiration with succinate and malate/pyruvate as substrates. These drugs increased state IV and decreased state III respiration rates, which resulted in a significant decrease in the respiratory control ratio. ADP: O ratios were not affected.

Lordosis facilitation in estrogen primed rats by intrabrain injection of pregnanes.

Progesterone (P) and nine of its natural metabolites were bilaterally injected (5 micrograms in 0.5 microliter oil) into either the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) or the medial preoptic area (MPOA) of estrogen primed rats to assess their relative potencies for stimulating lordosis. P, 5 alpha-pregnanedione and 5 beta, 3 beta-pregnanolone elicited lordosis when injected at either VMH or MPOA.

Blockade of LHRH-induced lordosis by alpha- and beta-adrenergic antagonists in ovariectomized, estrogen primed rats.

The participation of a noradrenergic mechanism in the facilitation of lordosis by luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) was studied in two groups of ovariectomized estrogen primed rats, with or without sexual experience. The administration of 5 micrograms estradiol benzoate (EB) alone to sexually inexperienced subjects (Ss) induced weak lordosis behavior in some of them (mean lordosis quotient, LQ = 12 +/- 19). The SC injection of 5 micrograms LHRH significantly increased this response four hours later (LQ = 38 +/- 41), though great variability was observed (59% of Ss showing LQs below 30).

Possible role of inhibitory glycinergic neurons in the regulation of lordosis behavior in the rat.

Strychnine sulfate (3.9 or 27 micrograms in 0.5 microliter saline) was bilaterally infused into the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH) of ovariectomized sexually inexperienced rats primed 40 hr earlier with 4 micrograms of estradiol benzoate (EB).

Prevention of the convulsant and hyperalgesic action of strychnine by intrathecal glycine and related amino acids.

Intrathecal administration of 25 micrograms strychnine induced consistent sensory and motor behavioral events in rats. Sensory events included scratching and biting the lower half of the body, spontaneous vocalizations and skin hyperalgesia, evidenced by vocalization and reflex scratching in response to stimulation with a 5.5 g von Frey fiber.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using monoclonal antibodies for the detection of respiratory syncytial virus in clinical specimens.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been developed for the detection of respiratory syncytial virus in nasopharyngeal secretions. This assay employed as immunoreagents two monoclonal antibodies directed against two distinct epitopes of the viral nucleocapsid. One of them (RSV 4) was used for antigen capture and the other (NC 4) was labelled with N-hydroxy-succinimide-epsilon-caproil biotin and used for antigen detection.

Pathological supply dependence of O2 uptake during bacteremia in dogs.

When systemic delivery of O2 [QO2 = cardiac output X arterial O2 content (CaO2)] is reduced, the systemic O2 extraction ratio [(CaO2-concentration of O2 in venous blood/CaO2] increases until a critical limit is reached below which O2 uptake (VO2) becomes limited by delivery. Many patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome exhibit supply dependence of VO2 even at high levels of QO2, which suggests that a peripheral O2 extraction defect may be present. Since many of these patients also suffer from serious bacterial infection, we tested the hypothesis that bacteremia might produce a similar defect in the ability of tissues to maintain VO2 independent of QO2, as QO2 reduced.

Nociceptive responses to altered GABAergic activity at the spinal cord.

GABA agonists and antagonists were injected intrathecally at the spinal cord, to determine their effect on nociceptive thresholds. Tactile stimulation, applied against the flank by a medium diameter von Frey fiber (5.5 g force), elicited distress vocalizations after, but not before injection of the GABA antagonists, bicuculline MI or picrotoxin (0.

GABAergic control of masculine sexual behavior.

Drugs affecting the GABAergic transmission were injected into the medial preoptic anterior hypothalamic area (MPOA) and the masculine sexual behavior analyzed. Antagonizing GABAergic neurotransmission by (+) bicuculline methiodide (30 ng/cannula), or 3-mercaptopropionic acid (10 or 20 micrograms/cannula) resulted in a drastic shortening of the postejaculatory intervals and a shortening of the ejaculation latency. Injection of compounds causing an increase in GABAergic activity, muscimol (25 ng/cannula) or ethanolamine-O-sulphate (80 micrograms/cannula) depressed masculine sexual behavior.

Lordosis behavior and GABAergic neurotransmission.

gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) (1.0 microgram/cannula) or muscimol (50 ng/cannula) was injected into the ventromedial hypothalamus or the lateral septi nuclei of ovariectomized rats brought to sexual receptivity by combined treatment of estrogen and progesterone. No inhibitory effects of GABA or muscimol were observed on the lordosis behavior.

Facilitation of lordosis behavior in ovariectomized estrogen-primed rats by medial preoptic implantation of 5 beta, 3 beta, pregnanolone: a ring A reduced progesterone metabolite.

The effect on lordosis behavior of progesterone (P) and some of its ring A reduced metabolites (5 beta pregnane 3 alpha ol 20 one, 5 beta pregnane 3 beta ol 20 one and 5 alpha pregnanes 3 beta ol 20 one) was studied in estrogen primed overiectomized rats by unilaterally implanting them in two brain areas related to the control of lordosis behavior: the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH) and the medial preoptic area (mPOA). Of the four pregnanes studied only 5 beta 3 beta pregnanolone consistently induced lordosis behavior when implanted into the mPOA. The present results show that some 5 beta reduced P metabolites can facilitate with a short latency the display of lordosis behavior, probably by depressing the activity of telencephalic neurons inhibitory to sexual behavior.