Associative learning of non-nestmate cues improves enemy recognition in ants.

Recognition protects biological systems at all scales, from cells to societies. Social insects recognize their nestmates by colony-specific olfactory labels that individuals store as neural templates in their memory. Throughout an ant's life, learning continuously shapes the nestmate recognition template to keep up with the constant changes in colony labels.

A novel 3D MRI-based approach for assessing supraspinatus muscle length.

Rotator cuff (RC) tears are a common source of pain and decreased shoulder strength. Muscle length is known to affect muscle strength, and therefore evaluating changes in supraspinatus muscle length associated with RC pathology, surgical repair, and post-operative recovery may provide insights into functional deficits. Our objective was to develop a reliable MRI-based approach for assessing supraspinatus muscle length.

Investigating the multifactorial etiology of supraspinatus tendon tears.

The purpose of this study was to develop a multivariable model to determine the extent to which a combination of etiological factors is associated with supraspinatus tendon tears. Fifty-four asymptomatic individuals (55 ± 4 years) underwent testing of their dominant shoulder. Diagnostic ultrasound was used to assess for a supraspinatus tendon tear.

Three-dimensional co-culture platform of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived oligodendrocyte lineage cells and neurons for studying myelination.

Developing an in vitro platform to study neuron-oligodendrocyte interaction, particularly myelination, is essential to understand aberrant myelination in neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we provide a controlled, direct co-culture protocol for human induced-pluripotent-stem-cell (hiPSC)-derived neurons and oligodendrocytes on three-dimensional (3D) nanomatrix plates. We describe steps to differentiate hiPSCs into cortical neurons and oligodendrocyte lineage cells on 3D nanofibers.

Correspondence between scapular anatomical coordinate systems and the 3D axis of motion: A new perspective on an old challenge.

Several scapular anatomical coordinate systems have been reported in the literature to describe shoulder kinematics. Unfortunately, the use of different conventions hinders comparison across studies. Further, inconsistencies between a coordinate system and the scapula's 3D axis of motion means that scapular motion will be incorrectly attributed to axes about which it did not rotate.

Intervertebral kinematics during neck motion 6.5 years after fusion and artificial disc replacement.

Background: Arthroplasty with artificial disc replacement for surgical treatment of cervical spine degeneration was introduced with the notion that motion-preserving approaches would prevent development of adjacent segment disease. Though clinical outcomes favor arthroplasty over the commonly used anterior cervical discectomy with fusion approach, clinical studies confirming the biomechanical basis of these results are lacking. The aim of this study was to compare intervertebral kinematics between arthroplasty and fusion patients 6.

In vivo evaluation of rotator cuff internal impingement during scapular plane abduction in asymptomatic individuals.

Internal impingement-or entrapment of the undersurface of the rotator cuff tendon against the glenoid during overhead activities-is believed to contribute to articular-sided tears. However, little is known about internal impingement outside athletic populations. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to (1) describe glenoid-to-footprint distances and proximity centers during dynamic, in vivo motion in asymptomatic individuals, and (2) determine the extent to which these measures differed between individuals with and without a rotator cuff tear.

Genetic algorithm optimized robust nonlinear observer for a wind turbine system based on permanent magnet synchronous generator.

This paper presents an optimal control scheme for a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) coupled to a wind turbine operating without a position sensor. This sensorless scheme includes two observers: The first observer uses the flux to estimate the speed. However, an increase in the temperature or a degradation of the permanent magnet characteristics will result in a demagnetization of the machine causing a drop in the flux.

Presurgical tear characteristics and estimated shear modulus as predictors of repair integrity and shoulder function one year after rotator cuff repair.

Background: Rotator cuff repair provides pain relief for many patients; however, retears are relatively common and affect approximately 20%-70% of patients after repair. Although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers the ability to assess tissue characteristics such as tear size, retraction, and fatty infiltration, it provides little insight into the quality of the musculotendinous tissues the surgeon will encounter during surgery. However, shear wave elastography (SWE) could provide an indirect assessment of quality (ie, stiffness) by measuring the speed of shear waves propagating through tissue.

Rescue specialists in Cataglyphis piliscapa ants: The nature and development of ant first responders.

Previous research in our laboratories has demonstrated that, within each colony of Cataglyphis piliscapa (formerly C. cursor) ants, only some individuals are capable of performing a complex sequence of behavioral patterns to free trapped nestmates-a sequence that not only is memory-dependent but also is responsive to the particular circumstances of that entrapment and how the rescue operation unfolds. Additionally, this rescue behavior is inherited patrilineally from but a few of the many males that fertilize the eggs of the colony's single queen.

Validation of a 3D CT imaging method for quantifying implant migration following anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty.

Glenoid component loosening remains a common complication following anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA); however, plain radiographs are unable to accurately detect early implant migration. The purpose of this study was to validate the accuracy of a method of postoperative, three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) imaging with metal artifact reduction (MAR) to detect glenoid component migration following anatomic TSA. Tantalum bead markers were inserted into polyethylene glenoid components for implant detection on 3D CT.

Quantifying shoulder activity after rotator cuff repair: Technique and preliminary results.

Repair tissue healing after rotator cuff repair remains a significant clinical problem, and excessive shoulder activity after surgical repair is believed to contribute to re-tears. In contrast, small animal studies have demonstrated that complete removal of activity impairs tendon healing and have advocated for an "appropriate" level of activity, but in humans the appropriate amount of shoulder activity to enhance healing is not known. As an initial step toward understanding the relationship between postoperative shoulder activity and repair tissue healing, the objectives of this study were to assess the precision, accuracy, and feasibility of a wrist-worn triaxial accelerometer for measuring shoulder activity.

Ultrasound shear wave elastography and its association with rotator cuff tear characteristics.

Background: Approximately 20-60% of rotator cuff repairs fail with higher failure rates in patients with larger or more chronic tears. Although MRI provides an objective estimate of tear size, it can only provide qualitative descriptions of tear chronicity. By contrast, ultrasound shear wave elastography (SWE) may assess tear chronicity by estimating tissue mechanical properties (ie, shear modulus).

Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography.

The shoulder is one of the human body's most complex joint systems, with motion occurring through the coordinated actions of four individual joints, multiple ligaments, and approximately 20 muscles. Unfortunately, shoulder pathologies (e.g.

Variability of glenohumeral positioning and bone-to-tendon marker length measurements in repaired rotator cuffs from longitudinal computed tomographic imaging.

Background: To address the need for more objective and quantitative measures of tendon healing in research studies, we intend to use computed tomography (CT) with implanted radiopaque markers on the repaired tendon to measure tendon retraction following rotator cuff repair. In our small prior study, retraction at 1-year follow-up averaged 16.1± 5.

Instantaneous helical axis estimation of glenohumeral kinematics: The impact of rotator cuff pathology.

The rotator cuff is theorized to contribute to force couples required to produce glenohumeral kinematics. Impairment in these force couples would theoretically result in impaired ball-and-socket kinematics. Although less frequently used than traditional kinematic descriptors (e.

Dynamic foraminal dimensions during neck motion 6.5 years after fusion and artificial disc replacement.

Objective: To compare changes in foraminal motion at two time points post-surgery between artificial disc replacement (ADR) and anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF).

Methods: Eight ACDF and 6 ADR patients (all single-level C5-6) were tested at 2 years (T1) and 6.5 years (T2) post-surgery.

Three-dimensional scapular morphology is associated with rotator cuff tears and alters the abduction moment arm of the supraspinatus.

Background: Numerous studies have reported an association between rotator cuff injury and two-dimensional measures of scapular morphology. However, the mechanical underpinnings explaining how these shape features affect glenohumeral joint function and lead to injury are poorly understood. We hypothesized that three-dimensional features of scapular morphology differentiate asymptomatic shoulders from those with rotator cuff tears, and that these features would alter the mechanical advantage of the supraspinatus.

Correlation of neural foraminal motion after surgical treatment of cervical radiculopathy with long-term patient reported outcomes.

Background: Post-surgical changes in adjacent segment motion are considered a factor in further development of degeneration and cervical radiculopathy. The objective was to examine the extent of correlations between physiological motion of cervical foramina and long-term patient reported outcomes (PRO).

Methods: Biplane X-ray imaging and CT-based markerless tracking were used to measure 3D static and dynamic dimensions during neck axial rotation and extension from 18 patients treated for C5-6 radiculopathy with fusion or arthroplasty.

[How to create well-being in health care facilities?].

How to create well-treatment in health care facilities ? Thinking of good treatment enforces considering not only relationships settled between professionals and patients or residents or caregivers or people of trust, but also those resulting from internal management. Many works identified by the French High Authority of Health confirm the powerful links that stand between quality of life at work, good treatment, and quality of care. Despite factors that breach such a dynamic (silo organization, feeling that work is not well done, verticality of management), fundamental movements devote to the deployment of a policy in favor of well-treatment, at the joint initiative of both organizations (management of unwanted events, multidisciplinary staff, analyse of critical situations) and users as well as professionals, in order to merge expertise of patient or caregiver and clinical knowledge.

Vastus Lateralis Architecture Changes During Pregnancy - A Longitudinal Study.

While the incidence of falls has been described to increase with pregnancy, the mechanism behind this is unclear. Pregnancy associated changes in lower extremity muscle strength could be a possible factor influencing injury risk. Thus, the aim of this longitudinal study was to investigate muscle strength and architectural properties of the lower limbs in different stages of pregnancy and postpartum.

Ankle Motion and Offloading in Short Leg Cast and Low and High Fracture Boots.

Background: Short leg casts (SLCs) and fracture boots are used to treat foot and ankle injuries, but the decision to use one device over the other is often subjective. This study compared the impact of SLCs and low and high fracture boots on ankle motion and offloading.

Methods: Twenty healthy adults were prospectively studied.

Asymptomatic Rotator Cuff Tears.

Asymptomatic rotator cuff tears (RCTs) are prevalent in the general population; they are positively associated with age and are common in the contralateral shoulder of individuals who are being treated for shoulder pain or a symptomatic RCT. Asymptomatic RCTs are likely to become symptomatic over time, corresponding with decreased patient-reported function, strength, and range of motion. Previous studies have largely reported inconsistent findings regarding patient-reported outcomes, strength, range of motion, and kinematics in individuals with asymptomatic RCTs.