Explaining the emergence of land-use frontiers.

Land-use expansion is linked to major sustainability concerns including climate change, food security and biodiversity loss. This expansion is largely concentrated in so-called 'frontiers', defined here as places experiencing marked transformations owing to rapid resource exploitation. Understanding the mechanisms shaping these frontiers is crucial for sustainability.

Levels of nitric oxide in smokers and nonsmokers with chronic periodontitis before and after nonsurgical periodontal treatment.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine the level of nitric oxide (NO) in both serum and saliva of smokers and nonsmokers with chronic periodontitis before and after scaling and root planing, as well as to compare the same (NO levels) with the severity of periodontitis.

Materials And Methods: Sixty people took part in the study and were divided into three groups. The control group (Group I) involved 20 patients who were nonsmokers with healthy periodontium.

Automated Video Tracking of Autistic Children's Movement During Caregiver-Child Interaction: An Exploratory Study.

Objective, quantitative measures of caregiver-child interaction during play are needed to complement caregiver or examiner ratings for clinical assessment and tracking intervention responses. In this exploratory study, we examined the feasibility of using automated video tracking, Noldus EthoVision XT, to measure 159 2-to-7-year-old autistic children's patterns of movement during play-based, caregiver-child interactions and examined their associations with standard clinical measures and human observational coding of caregiver-child joint engagement. Results revealed that autistic children who exhibited higher durations and velocity of movement were, on average, younger, had lower cognitive abilities, greater autism-related features, spent less time attending to the caregiver, and showed lower levels of joint engagement.

Automated movement tracking of young autistic children during free play is correlated with clinical features associated with autism.

Play-based observations allow researchers to observe autistic children across a wide range of ages and skills. We recorded autistic children playing with toys in the center of a room and at a corner table while a caregiver remained seated off to the side and used video tracking technology to track children's movement and location. We examined how time children spent in room regions and whether or not they approached each region during play related to their cognitive, social, communication, and adaptive skills to determine if tracking child movement and location can meaningfully demonstrate clinical variation among autistic children representing a range of ages and skills.

Continuous glucose monitoring versus blood glucose monitoring for risk of severe hypoglycaemia and diabetic ketoacidosis in children, adolescents, and young adults with type 1 diabetes: a population-based study.

Background: The effect of continuous glucose monitoring on the risk of severe hypoglycaemia and ketoacidosis in patients with diabetes is unclear. We investigated whether rates of acute diabetes complications are lower with continuous glucose monitoring, compared with blood glucose monitoring, and which metrics predict its risk in young patients with type 1 diabetes.

Methods: In this population-based cohort study, patients were identified from 511 diabetes centres across Austria, Germany, Luxembourg, and Switzerland participating in the Diabetes Prospective Follow-up initiative.

Eye-tracking measures of social versus nonsocial attention are related to level of social engagement during naturalistic caregiver-child interactions in autistic children.

Eye-tracking (ET) measures indexing social attention have been proposed as sensitive measures related to autism, but less is known about the relationship between social and nonsocial attention and naturalistic measures of social engagement and whether sex moderates this relationship. This study investigated ET measures of social attention as predictors of social engagement during a naturalistic caregiver-child interaction (CCI). Participants included 132, 2-7-year-old autistic children (77% male) and their caregivers.

Large-area mapping of active cropland and short-term fallows in smallholder landscapes using PlanetScope data.

Cropland mapping in smallholder landscapes is challenged by complex and fragmented landscapes, labor-intensive and unmechanized land management causing high within-field variability, rapid dynamics in shifting cultivation systems, and substantial proportions of short-term fallows. To overcome these challenges, we here present a large-area mapping framework to identify active cropland and short-term fallows in smallholder landscapes for the 2020/2021 growing season at 4.77 m spatial resolution.

Periodontal status associated with dual habits of smoking and smokeless tobacco use: A cross-sectional study in young adults.

Background: Tobacco smoke is an established risk factor for periodontitis. However, few studies have evaluated the periodontal status of smokeless tobacco (SLT) users, while that of individuals with dual habits has largely been unexplored. Therefore, the current study aimed to find if the periodontal status in individuals with dual habits of smoking and SLT use is different from those with any single habit.

Nuclear Fragmentation Imaging for Carbon-Ion Radiation Therapy Monitoring: an In Silico Study.

Purpose: This article presents an in vivo imaging technique based on nuclear fragmentation of carbon ions in irradiated tissues for potential real-time monitoring of carbon-ion radiation therapy (CIRT) treatment delivery and quality assurance purposes in clinical settings.

Materials And Methods: A proof-of-concept imaging and monitoring system (IMS) was devised to implement the technique. Monte Carlo simulations were performed for a prospective pencil-beam scanning CIRT nozzle.

Brain-wide electrical dynamics encode individual appetitive social behavior.

The architecture whereby activity across many brain regions integrates to encode individual appetitive social behavior remains unknown. Here we measure electrical activity from eight brain regions as mice engage in a social preference assay. We then use machine learning to discover a network that encodes the extent to which individual mice engage another mouse.

Bone markers and bone mineral density associates with periodontitis in females with poly-cystic ovarian syndrome.

Introduction: Studies suggest an association between poly-cystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and chronic periodontitis (CP), both being inflammatory conditions. However, insufficient evidence assesses the impact of this inflammation on bone metabolism and bone turnover markers (BTMs). The present study aimed to determine the association between BTMs, bone mineral density (BMD), and clinical periodontal parameters in PCOS women with CP.

Factors affecting the prevalence of stress, anxiety, and depression in undergraduate Indian dental students.

Background: The objective was to assess the prevalence and the associated demographic factors of stress, anxiety, and depression among undergraduate (UG) Indian dental students and determine whether the pattern is different in government-run institutions and those managed by private authorities.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among dental UG students from five dental colleges. Snowball sampling was used to approach 776 potential participants, resulting in a complete response from 507 students.

Comparative assessment of bone mineral density levels in type 2 diabetic subjects with or without chronic periodontitis: A cross-sectional study.

Background: This cross-sectional study investigated the bone mineral density (BMD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) subjects with or without chronic periodontitis (CP).

Methods: A total of 120 subjects aged 35‒55, divided equally into four groups: i) T2DM with CP, ii) T2DM without CP, iii) CP alone, and iv) healthy patients, were included in this study. Clinical parameters like plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and probing pocket depth (PPD) were recorded.

Use of GaAlAs Diode Laser for Excisional Biopsy of Gingival Giant Cell Fibroma: A Case Report of a Rare Lesion.

Giant cell fibroma (GCF) is a relatively rare lesion in the oral cavity. Despite having unique microscopic features, it can be easily misdiagnosed clinically as any common hyperplastic lesion. This report presents a case of a 21-year old male with a lesion involving the papilla between the mandibular central incisors.

Pattern of buccal and palatal bone density in the maxillary premolar region: an anatomical basis of anterior-middle superior alveolar (AMSA) anesthetic technique.

Background: The anterior-middle superior alveolar (AMSA) anesthetic technique has been reported to be a less traumatic alternative to several conventional nerve blocks and local infiltration for anesthesia of the maxillary teeth, their periodontium, and the palate. However, its anatomic basis remains controversial. The present study aimed to determine if the pattern of cortical and cancellous bone density in the maxillary premolar region can provide a rationale for the success of the AMSA anesthetic technique.

Periodontal management of severe periodontitis and generalized gingival enlargement in a patient with chronic renal failure.

Gingival enlargement is a common periodontal pathology seen in medically compromised patients. Although it is not the disease itself, certain medications used to treat these chronic diseases are known to precipitate the gingival enlargement. Periodontitis (PD) and gingival enlargement have been reported increasingly in patients with chronic renal failure.

Breast Cancer Treatment Experiences of Witness Project of Kansas Participants.

Background: African American women continue to die at a higher rate than White women from breast cancer. Kansas has a high death rate among African American women. Their voices needed to be heard.

Effect of antidepressants on various periodontal parameters: A case-control study.

Background: Various medications are used in the treatment of chronic systemic diseases that affect the periodontium. Antidepressants in mentally depressed patients are prescribed for a long term, but their effect on the periodontium has not been studied adequately. A case-control study was conducted to know the effect of two commonly prescribed antidepressants - venlafaxine (serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor [SNRI]) and fluoxetine (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor [SSRI]).

Subacute Neuropsychiatric Syndrome in Girls With Mutations Responds to Immunomodulation.

Phenotypic and biological characterization of rare monogenic disorders represents 1 of the most important avenues toward understanding the mechanisms of human disease. Among patients with SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 3 () mutations, a subset will manifest neurologic regression, psychosis, and mood disorders. However, which patients will be affected, when, and why are important unresolved questions.

Respiratory Epithelial Adenomatoid Hamartoma is Frequent in Olfactory Cleft After Nasalization.

Objectives: To assess the site and histopathology of polyps at the first revision surgery for recurrent nasal polyposis (NP) after radical ethmoidectomy (nasalization).

Study Design: Retrospective study.

Methods: Between January 2008 and December 2015, a total of 62 patients having undergone revision surgery for recurrent NP after nasalization were included.

The role of parental citizenship status on depression of U.S. citizen children.

The purpose of this study was to determine how parental citizenship status played a role in the depression scores of Hispanic/Latinx children in the sample. Eight-hundred thirty-five participants from the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Study (CILS) were included in this study. The Center of Epidemiology Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was used to assess depression scores among this sample of Hispanic/Latinx children.

Hard- and soft-tissue augmentation around dental implant using ridge split and connective tissue graft for esthetic rehabilitation of atrophic anterior maxilla.

Esthetic rehabilitation of edentulous site with horizontal ridge deficiency presents as one of the most challenging situations in implant practice. With the increase in popularity of dental implants, augmentation of the alveolar ridge and soft tissue has also become a routine procedure in most of the cases. Although hard-tissue augmentation is performed by other specialists also, a periodontist needs to master the skills of soft-tissue management to deliver esthetic and functional results in implant-supported prostheses.

Epigenetic dysregulation of Oxtr in Tet1-deficient mice has implications for neuropsychiatric disorders.

OXTR modulates a variety of behaviors in mammals, including social memory and recognition. Genetic and epigenetic dysregulation of OXTR has been suggested to be implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). While the involvement of DNA methylation is suggested, the mechanism underlying epigenetic regulation of OXTR is largely unknown.

Environmental enrichment has minimal effects on behavior in the Shank3 complete knockout model of autism spectrum disorder.

Introduction: Several studies have supported the use of enriched environments to prevent the manifestation of ASD-like phenotypes in laboratory rodents. While the translational value of such experiments is unknown, the findings have been relatively consistent across many different models.

Methods: In the current study, we tested the effects of early environmental enrichment on a mouse model of ASD with high construct validity, the Shank3 ∆e4-22 mice our laboratory previously generated and characterized.