The Current State of Adult Glial Tumor Patients' Care in Kazakhstan: Challenges in Diagnosis and Patterns in Survival Outcomes.

Background: The study aimed to analyze the 5-year survival of adult patients with glial tumors and to define characteristics that are associated with the disease outcomes in Kazakhstan.

Methods: Medical records of patients that were surgically treated at the National Center for Neurosurgery during the 5-year period from 2016 to 2020 were collected retrospectively. Patients with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of diffuse astrocytic or oligodendroglial tumor type were included and their survival was assessed with life tables, Kaplan-Meier plot, and Cox regression using STATA 16 statistical software.

Targeting Heat Shock Proteins in Malignant Brain Tumors: From Basic Research to Clinical Trials.

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are conservative and ubiquitous proteins that are expressed both in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms and play an important role in cellular homeostasis, including the regulation of proteostasis, apoptosis, autophagy, maintenance of signal pathways, protection from various stresses (e.g., hypoxia, ionizing radiation, etc.

Risk factors for aneurysm rupture among Kazakhs: findings from a national tertiary.

Background: Rupture of intracranial aneurysms (RIA) leads to subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) with severe consequences. Although risks for RIA are established, the results vary between ethnic groups and were never studied in Kazakhstan. This study aimed to establish the risk factors of RIA in the Kazakh population.

Acute preexercise supplementation of combined carnosine and anserine enhances initial maximal power of Wingate tests in humans.

Classic in vitro experiments (Severin's phenomenon) demonstrated that acute carnosine supplementation may potentiate muscle contractility. However, upon oral ingestion, carnosine is readily degraded in human plasma by the highly active serum carnosinase-1 (CN1). We developed a novel strategy to circumvent CN1 by preexercise ingestion of combined carnosine (CARN) and anserine (ANS), the methylated analog with similar biochemical properties but more resistant to CN1.

Muscle Typology of World-Class Cyclists across Various Disciplines and Events.

Purpose: Classic track-and-field studies demonstrated that elite endurance athletes exhibit a slow muscle typology, whereas elite sprint athletes have a predominant fast muscle typology. In elite cycling, conclusive data on muscle typology are scarce, which may be due to the invasive nature of muscle biopsies. The noninvasive estimation of muscle typology through the measurement of muscle carnosine enabled to explore the muscle typology of 80 world-class cyclists of different disciplines.

Factors Influencing Salt-Reducing Behavior in Young Adults: a Pilot Cross-Sectional Study from Kazakhstan.

Introduction: In Kazakhstan, a post-Soviet country in Central Asia, salt intake is estimated as high, potentially contributing to the morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to explore salt intake in residents of the capital of Kazakhstan, Nur-Sultan.

Methods: An online cross-sectional survey of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors on salt intake among young adult residents of the capital city of Kazakhstan was conducted ( = 237).

Muscle fiber typology substantially influences time to recover from high-intensity exercise.

Human fast-twitch muscle fibers generate high power in a short amount of time but are easily fatigued, whereas slow-twitch fibers are more fatigue resistant. The transfer of this knowledge to coaching is hampered by the invasive nature of the current evaluation of muscle typology by biopsies. Therefore, a noninvasive method was developed to estimate muscle typology through proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the gastrocnemius.

Development and validation of a sensitive LC-MS/MS assay for the quantification of anserine in human plasma and urine and its application to pharmacokinetic study.

Carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine) and its methylated analogue anserine are present in relevant concentrations in the omnivore human diet. Several studies reported promising therapeutic potential for carnosine in various rodent models of oxidative stress and inflammation-related chronic diseases. Nevertheless, the poor serum stability of carnosine in humans makes the translation of rodent models hard.

Changing to a vegetarian diet reduces the body creatine pool in omnivorous women, but appears not to affect carnitine and carnosine homeostasis: a randomised trial.

Balanced vegetarian diets are popular, although they are nearly absent in creatine and carnosine and contain considerably less carnitine than non-vegetarian diets. Few longitudinal intervention studies investigating the effect of a vegetarian diet on the availability of these compounds currently exist. We aimed to investigate the effect of transiently switching omnivores onto a vegetarian diet for 6 months on muscle and plasma creatine, carnitine and carnosine homeostasis.

Discriminant musculo-skeletal leg characteristics between sprint and endurance elite Caucasian runners.

Excellence in either sprinting or endurance running requires specific musculo-skeletal characteristics of the legs. This study aims to investigate the morphology of the leg of sprinters and endurance runners of Caucasian ethnicity. Eight male sprinters and 11 male endurance runners volunteered to participate in this cross-sectional study.

Cyclic movement frequency is associated with muscle typology in athletes.

There is a continuing research interest in the muscle fiber type composition (MFTC) of athletes. Recently, muscle carnosine quantification by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( H-MRS) was developed as a new non-invasive method to estimate MFTC. This cross-sectional study aims to better understand estimated MFTC in relation to (a) different disciplines within one sport; (b) cyclic sport exercise characteristics; (c) within-athlete variability; and (d) athlete level.

Exercise training and Beta-alanine-induced muscle carnosine loading.

Purpose: Beta-alanine (BA) supplementation has been shown to augment muscle carnosine concentration, thereby promoting high-intensity (HI) exercise performance. Trained muscles of athletes have a higher increase in carnosine concentration after BA supplementation compared to untrained muscles, but it remains to be determined whether this is due to an accumulation of acute exercise effects or to chronic adaptations from prior training. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether high-volume (HV) and/or HI exercise can improve BA-induced carnosine loading in untrained subjects.

Doubling of muscle carnosine concentration does not improve laboratory 1-hr cycling time-trial performance.

Muscle carnosine loading through chronic oral beta-alanine supplementation has been shown to be effective for short-duration, high-intensity exercise. This randomized, placebo-controlled study explored whether the ergogenic effect of beta-alanine supplementation is also present for longer duration exercise. Subjects (27 well-trained cyclists/triathletes) were supplemented with either beta-alanine or placebo (6.

β-Alanine dose for maintaining moderately elevated muscle carnosine levels.

Introduction: Chronic β-alanine (BA) supplementation is an increasingly popular nutritional strategy, because it can elevate muscle carnosine content and thereby enhance high-intensity exercise performance. The current study investigated 1) whether sex and body mass are determinants of BA-induced muscle carnosine loading and 2) the optimal maintenance dose for ensuring constantly elevated muscle carnosine stores.

Methods: During the loading phase, 34 participants (men and women) were supplemented with 3.

Muscle carnosine loading by beta-alanine supplementation is more pronounced in trained vs. untrained muscles.

Carnosine occurs in high concentrations in human skeletal muscle and assists working capacity during high-intensity exercise. Chronic beta-alanine (BA) supplementation has consistently been shown to augment muscle carnosine concentration, but the effect of training on the carnosine loading efficiency is poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to compare muscle carnosine loading between trained and untrained arm and leg muscles.

Meal and beta-alanine coingestion enhances muscle carnosine loading.

Introduction: Beta-alanine (BA) is a popular ergogenic supplement because it can induce muscle carnosine loading. We hypothesize that, by analogy with creatine supplementation, 1) an inverse relationship between urinary excretion and muscle loading is present, and 2) the latter is stimulated by carbohydrate- and protein-induced insulin action.

Methods: In study A, the effect of a 5-wk slow-release BA (SRBA) supplementation (4.

Four-channel asymmetric Real-Time PCR hybridization probe assay: a rapid pre-screening method for critical BCR-ABL kinase domain mutations.

Objectives: Within the laboratory protocols, used for the study of BCR-ABL resistance mutations in chronic myeloid leukemia patients treated with Imatinib, direct sequencing remains the reference method. Since the incidence of patients with a mutation-related loss of response is not very high, it is very useful in the routine laboratory to perform a fast pre-screening method.

Design And Methods: With this in mind, we have designed a new technique, based on a single Real-Time FRET-based PCR, followed by a study of melting peaks.

Yondelis® (ET-743, Trabectedin) sensitizes cancer cell lines to CD95-mediated cell death: new molecular insight into the mechanism of action.

Trabectedin, a naturally occurring substance isolated from the Caribbean marine invertebrate Ecteinascidia turbinata, is the active compound of the antitumor drug Yondelis®. The mechanism of action of Trabectedin has been attributed to interactions with the minor groove of the DNA double helix, thereby affecting transcription of different genes involved in DNA repair and thus facilitating lethal DNA strand breaks. Nevertheless, the existence of other clinically important molecular mechanisms has not yet been fully explored.