Preservation of Fertility in Cancer Patients: A Narrative Review.

The survival rates for cancer patients have been steadily improving in recent years due to the improved efficacy of contemporary oncological care, including radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Modern technology makes it feasible to maintain fertility in cancer patients, and this practice needs to be included in oncological care. In many instances, it is impossible to avoid the harm that cancer treatments can cause to a patient's fertility; hence, research in fertility preservation techniques is being conducted to allow cancer patients to have future children biologically related to them.

Current Understanding of Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma.

Every year, breast implants are inserted worldwide for reconstructive or aesthetic reasons. Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a rather uncommon type of T cell lymphoma that is positive for the CD30 biomarker. Despite being far more common than other primary breast lymphomas, BIA-ALCL has a very low incidence.

Endometrial cancers in mutation carriers from hereditary breast ovarian cancer syndrome kindreds: report from the Creighton University Hereditary Cancer Registry with review of the implications.

Objective: The aim of this study was to categorize and report endometrial cancers in mutation carriers from hereditary breast ovarian cancer families.

Methods: Our Hereditary Cancer Registry was searched for gynecologic and peritoneal cancers linked to mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2. Invasive cancers were registered in 101 mutation carriers with complete pathology reports.

Phenotypic heterogeneity of hereditary gynecologic cancers: a report from the Creighton hereditary cancer registry.

To determine the validity of observations suggesting a significant dichotomy of gynecologic cancers determined by linkage to specific genetic defects associated with two major autosomal dominant hereditary cancer syndromes; the Creighton University Hereditary Cancer Registry was searched for female carriers of germ line mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2, associated with the Hereditary Breast Ovarian Cancer syndrome, and in the mismatch repair (MMR) genes MLH1, MSH2 and MSH6, associated with Lynch syndrome, who were registered with invasive uterine, ovarian, fallopian tube or peritoneal cancers between January 1, 1959 and December 31, 2010. From 217 such cases, a total of 174 subjects, consisting of 95 BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers and 79 carriers of mutations in MMR genes, were identified who had current signed Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act forms and complete primary diagnostic pathology reports and clinical records. Data meticulously extracted from these cases were categorized and statistically analyzed.

Tumors metastatic to thyroid neoplasms: a case report and review of the literature.

Metastasis into a thyroid neoplasm-tumor-to-tumor metastasis-is exceedingly rare. We describe the 28th documented case of a tumor metastatic to a thyroid neoplasm and review the literature on tumor-to-tumor metastasis involving a thyroid neoplasm as recipient. All cases showed a recipient thyroid neoplasm with an abrupt transition to a morphologically distinct neoplasm.

Expression of Siglec-11 by human and chimpanzee ovarian stromal cells, with uniquely human ligands: implications for human ovarian physiology and pathology.

Siglecs (Sialic acid-binding Immunoglobulin Superfamily Lectins) are cell surface signaling receptors of the I-type lectin group that recognize sialic acid-bearing glycans. CD33-related-Siglecs are a subset with expression primarily in cells of hematopoietic origin and functional relevance to immune reactions. Earlier we reported a human-specific gene conversion event that markedly changed the coding region for the extracellular domain of Siglec-11, associated with human-specific expression in microglia (Hayakawa T, Angata T, Lewis AL, Mikkelsen TS, Varki NM, Varki A.

The cost of doing business.

In diagnostic pathology, the use of immunohistochemical stains and other ancillary procedures is of immense help. However, indiscriminate use of these tests often adds to unnecessary expense. We need to define ways to use these tests in a logical, focused manner, in moderation, and only when needed for providing clinically significant diagnostic or prognostic information.

Cervical and endometrial metastases of appendiceal goblet cell carcinoid.

Appendiceal goblet cell carcinoid (GCC) is a rare tumor with histologic features of both adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine tumor (carcinoid). Clinically, it behaves more aggressively than classic appendiceal carcinoid and commonly presents with peritoneal carcinomatosis. We report 2 cases of appendiceal GCC, one with uterine cervical involvement and the other with endometrial involvement as the initial presentations.

Aggressive angiomyxoma in African women: a report of two cases.

Background: Aggressive angiomyxoma (AAM) is a rare soft tissue tumour usually of the perineum. There is no report in the surgical literature of a description of AAM in black Africans.

Objective: To report the first description of AAM in black Africa women in the surgical literature and to highlight the value of special immunostains in the complete characterization these rare tumours.

Hereditary ovarian carcinoma: heterogeneity, molecular genetics, pathology, and management.

Hereditary ovarian cancer accounts for at least 5% of the estimated 22,000 new cases of this disease during 2009. During this same time, over 15,000 will die from malignancy ascribed to ovarian origin. The bulk of these hereditary cases fits the hereditary breast-ovarian cancer syndrome, while virtually all of the remainder will be consonant with the Lynch syndrome, disorders which are autosomal dominantly inherited.

Rare potential pitfall in endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy in gastric duplication cyst: a case report.

Background: Foregut duplication cyst (FDC) is rare in the adult population. It is usually an incidental finding in clinical settings. As endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (EUS-FNAB) becomes a preferred and popular procedure, it is imperative for cytopathologists recognize this rare lesion and avoid the diagnostic pitfall.

Fibroadenoma in women in Ghana.

Background: Fibroadenoma is the commonest benign tumor of female breast. It is particularly common in young women in Africa.

Method: This paper describes the clinicopathologic features of fibroadenoma of breast in African women from central Ghana and compares them to the data from African-American women.

Increase in normal placental weights related to increase in maternal body mass index.

Objective: Reference values of normal placental weights are many decades old. Recently, a trend of increasing weights of normal placentas has been noted. We aimed to confirm this observation and to find any associated fetal and maternal factors.

Giant pelvic solitary fibrous tumor obstructing intestinal and urinary tract: a case report and literature review.

We are reporting a giant pelvic neoplasm, a rare solitary fibrous tumor that presented with a large bowel obstruction and bilateral ureteral obstruction because of its size and location. Preoperative diagnosis required complex pathological studies to exclude a high-grade sarcoma suspected clinically. Complete resection was required for resolution of obstructive symptoms.

Intra-abdominal carcinomatosis after prophylactic oophorectomy in women of hereditary breast ovarian cancer syndrome kindreds associated with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations.

Objective: Prophylactic surgical removal of the ovaries has been offered for many years as a potential preventative of ovarian cancer in women deemed to be at increased hereditary risk for this disease. Now, it is possible to test for specific mutations of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes that render members of hereditary breast ovarian cancer (HBOC) syndrome families susceptible to cancer. Widespread intra-abdominal carcinomatosis, which mimics metastatic ovarian serous carcinoma, has been reported following oophorectomy in individuals at increased hereditary risk.

Ichthyosis uteri: a case report and review of the literature.

Squamous metaplasia of endometrium is mostly manifested by morules or nodules of benign nonkeratinizing squamous cells intimately mixed with benign or malignant endometrial glands. It has been described with low-grade adenocarcinoma of the endometrium, as well as with various benign conditions, including hyperplasia, chronic endometritis, and endometrial polyps. However, extensive plaquelike, keratinizing squamous change is distinctly uncommon.

Genital human papillomavirus testing by in situ hybridization in liquid atypical cytologic materials and follow-up biopsies.

Objective: To describe cases of HPV testing by DNA in situ hybridization performed on atypical cervicovaginal samples collected by a liquidsed method that were negative for HPV DNA on cytology but revealed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia on follow-up biopsies.

Study Design: Three hundred ninety-five consecutive SurePath atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) cytologic samples from asymptomatic, reproductive-age women were tested for human papillomaviruses (HPVs) by the in situ hybridization (ISH) method (Ventana Inform HPV Test, Tucson, Arizona, U.S.

Monosomy 22 as a diagnostic aid in a case of late recurrence of adult granulosa cell tumor of the ovary.

Cytogenetic analysis of a case of metastatic granulosa cell tumor recurring 21 years after oophorectomy revealed monosomy 22. This anomaly, typical of granulosa cell tumor, coupled with the pathologic and immunophenotypic findings assisted in establishing the proper diagnosis of this lesion in the absence of the original histopathologic slides.

Peritoneal carcinoma in women with genetic susceptibility: implications for Jewish populations.

Women from families with multiple cases of breast and ovarian cancer, specifically those who carry cancer-associated mutations of BRCA1 or BRCA2 are at increased life-time risk for peritoneal carcinoma, even after previous surgery to remove the ovaries, fallopian tubes and uterus. Hereditary breast-ovarian cancer (HBOC) syndrome and the associated BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations are particularly prevalent in women of Jewish lineage, and specific BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline mutations have been linked with peritoneal carcinoma and HBOC syndrome in Jewish populations, especially those of Ashkenazi descent. This review presents the currently available data and looks forward toward further and better understanding of peritoneal carcinoma in women with inherited susceptibility.

Abnormal Pap smears with negative follow-up biopsies: improving cytohistologic correlations.

A review of the literature noted 11-16% discrepancy rates in cytology and histology diagnoses. We collected 358 cases with abnormal cytology and matching cervical biopsies. There were 123 (30%) discrepant pairs, of which 34 (27%) had negative biopsies following Papanicolaou (Pap) smears with squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL).