Sensory input from osphradium is involved in fluoride detection that alters feeding and memory phenotype in Lymnaea stagnalis.

Fluoride (F-) exposure in organisms remains a significant concern due to its widespread presence and potential health implications. Investigating its detection and subsequent effects on behaviour in aquatic organisms like Lymnaea stagnalis provides valuable insights. Our study focused on elucidating the sensory pathways involved in F- detection and its impact on feeding and memory formation.

Fluoride alters feeding in lab-bred pond snails but not in wild snails or their progeny.

Increasing concentrations of fluoride in natural bodies of water due to anthropogenic activities can lead to potentially detrimental effects on residing species. Here we investigated the differences in fluoride exposure on feeding behaviour between freshly collected (i.e.

Fluoride affects memory by altering the transcriptional activity in the central nervous system of Lymnaea stagnalis.

Fluoride (F), has been found to affect learning and memory in several species. In this study, we exposed an F-naïve, inbred strain of Lymnaea stagnalis to a concentration of F similar to that naturally occurring in wild ponds. We found that the exposure to F before the configural learning procedure obstructs the memory formation and blocks the configural learning-induced upregulation of CREB1, GRIN1, and HSP70 in snails' central ring ganglia.

Fluoride alters feeding and memory in Lymnaea stagnalis.

Fluoride occurs naturally in the terrestrial and aquatic environment and is a major component in tea. Prolonged fluoride exposure alters metabolic activity in several aquatic invertebrates. For the first time, we investigated the effects of fluoride on cognition in the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis as it is capable of a higher form of associative learning called configural learning.