Sleep and Pain in Mid- to Late-Life: An Exploration of Day-to-Day Pain Inconsistency.

Objectives: This study examined how different quantifications of pain (average vs. day-to-day inconsistency) are related to sleep in older adults beyond known predictors.

Methods: Baseline measures from the Active Adult Mentoring Project were used for secondary analyses.

Cardiometabolic disease and features of depression and bipolar disorder: population-based, cross-sectional study.

Background: The relative contribution of demographic, lifestyle and medication factors to the association between affective disorders and cardiometabolic diseases is poorly understood.

Aims: To assess the relationship between cardiometabolic disease and features of depresion and bipolar disorder within a large population sample.

Method: Cross-sectional study of 145 991 UK Biobank participants: multivariate analyses of associations between features of depression or bipolar disorder and five cardiometabolic outcomes, adjusting for confounding factors.

Refining a Prostate Cancer Survivor's Toolkit.

Men who have undergone radical prostatectomy for the treatment of prostate cancer often lack knowledge about post-surgical care to bridge this gap in knowledge. Thus, we developed, refined, and validated a prostate cancer survivor's toolkit, which provides these men in the care required after this procedure.

Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Chinese Feeding Difficulty Index (Ch-FDI) for People with Dementia.

Aims: To develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of a Chinese Feeding Difficulty Index (Ch-FDI) which assesses feeding difficulties in people with dementia (PwD).

Research Design And Method: Scale items were developed using literature review based on Model of Feeding Difficulty. Content validity was evaluated and items were modified by expert panel.

Intervention markers of physical activity maintenance in older adults.

Objectives: To identify intervention components that may promote longterm changes of physical activity among older adults in a behavioral theory-based physical activity trial.

Methods: Participants (N = 24; aged 65 ± 8.79 years) shared perceptions of intervention components at the end of the intervention and physical activity was assessed at 18 months.

Chronic multisite pain in major depression and bipolar disorder: cross-sectional study of 149,611 participants in UK Biobank.

Background: Chronic pain has a strong association with major depressive disorder (MDD), but there is a relative paucity of studies on the association between chronic multisite pain and bipolar disorder (BD). Such studies are required to help elucidate the complex biological and psychological overlap between pain and mood disorders. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between chronic multisite pain and mood disorder across the unipolar-bipolar spectrum.

Using posturography to measure balance control during seated tai chi.

Background: Tai Chi for Arthritis (TCA) is recognized by the CDC as an evidenced-based program to prevent falls in older adults. Although seated Tai Chi is recommended for those unable to stand, little is known about balance control during seated TCA.

Purpose: To explore the use of posturography to assess differences between experts and non-expert practitioners of seated TCA.

The role of resilience and social support in predicting postdeployment adjustment in otherwise healthy Navy personnel.

The purpose of this study was to determine if resilience, social support, and exposure to combat, stressful deployment environments, and additional stressful life events predicted short-term (12 months or less) postdeployment adjustment in a relatively healthy subset of Navy service members. One hundred and thirty-two service members between 3 and 6 months postdeployment completed anonymous surveys at a deployment health center. Service members with probable post-traumatic stress disorder and those who were at risk for harm to self or others were excluded.

Tai chi intervention improves dynamic postural control during gait initiation in older adults: a pilot study.

Tai Chi intervention has been shown to be beneficial for balance improvement. The current study examined the effectiveness of Tai Chi to improve the dynamic postural control among older adults with mobility disability. Six sedentary older adults with mobility disability participated in a 16-week Tai Chi intervention consisting of one hour sessions three times a week.

Gender differences in the association between adiposity and probable major depression: a cross-sectional study of 140,564 UK Biobank participants.

Background: Previous studies on the association between adiposity and mood disorder have produced contradictory results, and few have used measurements other than body mass index (BMI). We examined the association between probable major depression and several measurements of adiposity: BMI, waist circumference (WC), waist-hip-ratio (WHR), and body fat percentage (BF%).

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using baseline data on the sub-group of UK Biobank participants who were assessed for mood disorder.

Reaction time and incident cancer: 25 years of follow-up of study members in the UK Health and Lifestyle Survey.

Objectives: To investigate the association of reaction time with cancer incidence.

Methods: 6900 individuals aged 18 to 94 years who participated in the UK Health and Lifestyle Survey in 1984/1985 and were followed for a cancer registration for 25 years.

Results: Disease surveillance gave rise to 1015 cancer events from all sites.

Heaviness, health and happiness: a cross-sectional study of 163066 UK Biobank participants.

Background: Obesity is known to increase the risk of many diseases and reduce overall quality of life. This study examines the relationship with self-reported health (SRH) and happiness.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of the 163 066 UK Biobank participants who completed the happiness rating.

Cognitive Inconsistency and Practice-Related Learning in Older Adults.

The current study examined predictors of individual differences in the magnitude of practice-related improvements achieved by 87 older adults (mean 63.52 years) over 18-weeks of cognitive practice. Cognitive inconsistency in both baseline trial-to-trial reaction times and week-to-week accuracy scores was included as predictors of practice-related gains in two measures of processing speed.

Prevalence and characteristics of probable major depression and bipolar disorder within UK biobank: cross-sectional study of 172,751 participants.

Objectives: UK Biobank is a landmark cohort of over 500,000 participants which will be used to investigate genetic and non-genetic risk factors for a wide range of adverse health outcomes. This is the first study to systematically assess the prevalence and validity of proposed criteria for probable mood disorders within the cohort (major depression and bipolar disorder).

Methods: This was a descriptive epidemiological study of 172,751 individuals assessed for a lifetime history of mood disorder in relation to a range of demographic, social, lifestyle, personality and health-related factors.

IQ in childhood and atherosclerosis in middle-age: 40 Year follow-up of the Newcastle Thousand Families Cohort Study.

Objective: Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) is a known precursor to coronary heart disease (CHD) and other relevant health outcomes such as stroke and cognitive impairment. In addition, higher childhood intelligence has been associated with lower risk of coronary heart disease events in later life, although the mechanisms of effect are unclear. We therefore examined the association between childhood intelligence and atherosclerosis using carotid IMT as a marker of the atherosclerotic process.

Exploring behavioral markers of long-term physical activity maintenance: a case study of system identification modeling within a behavioral intervention.

Efficacious interventions to promote long-term maintenance of physical activity are not well understood. Engineers have developed methods to create dynamical system models for modeling idiographic (i.e.

Exercise and sleep in community-dwelling older adults: evidence for a reciprocal relationship.

Exercise behaviour and sleep are both important health indicators that demonstrate significant decreases with age, and remain modifiable well into later life. The current investigation examined both the chronic and acute relationships between exercise behaviour and self-reported sleep in older adults through a secondary analysis of a clinical trial of a lifestyle intervention. Seventy-nine community-dwelling, initially sedentary, older adults (mean age = 63.

Neuroticism and cardiovascular disease mortality: socioeconomic status modifies the risk in women (UK Health and Lifestyle Survey).

Objective: The association between personality traits and mortality might differ as a function of socioeconomic status (SES). Our aim was to evaluate the all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality risk associated with neuroticism or extraversion and their interactions with SES in a representative sample of the UK adult population.

Methods: A total of 5450 participants (2505 men) from the Health and Lifestyle Survey completed the Eysenck Personality Inventory at baseline and were monitored for vital status over 25 years.

Neuroticism combined with slower and more variable reaction time: synergistic risk factors for 7-year cognitive decline in females.

Objective: Among adults, slower and more variable reaction times are associated with worse cognitive function and increased mortality risk. Therefore, it is important to elucidate risk factors for reaction time change over the life course. Method.

Peer volunteers improve long-term maintenance of physical activity with older adults: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Using peer volunteers as delivery agents may improve translation of evidence-based physical activity promotion programs for older adults. This study examined whether tailored support from older peer volunteers could improve initiation and long-term maintenance of physical activity behavior.

Methods: Participants were randomized to 2 16-week, group-based programs: (1) peer-delivered, theory-based support for physical activity behavior change; or (2) an intervention typically available in community settings (basic education, gym membership, and pedometer for self-monitoring), attention-matched with health education.

Peer Volunteers Improve Long-Term Maintenance of Physical Activity With Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Using peer volunteers as delivery agents may improve translation of evidence-based physical activity promotion programs for older adults. This study examined whether tailored support from older peer volunteers could improve initiation and long-term maintenance of physical activity behavior.

Methods: Participants were randomized to 2 16-week, group-based programs: (1) peer-delivered, theory-based support for physical activity behavior change; or (2) an intervention typically available in community settings (basic education, gym membership, and pedometer for self-monitoring), attention-matched with health education.

Malnutrition and feeding difficulty in Taiwanese older with dementia.

Aims And Objectives: To determine differences in the physical and psychological factors and feeding difficulty between people who are well-nourished and malnourished and to determine the predictors of risk of malnutrition and malnutrition in Taiwanese residents with dementia.

Background: Malnutrition is a common problem among nursing home residents but frequently is unrecognised. Nutritional status of older people is associated with cognitive impairment and patients with dementia have high risk for malnutrition because of difficulties in eating.