Integrated metastate functional connectivity networks predict change in symptom severity in clinical high risk for psychosis.

The ability to identify biomarkers of psychosis risk is essential in defining effective preventive measures to potentially circumvent the transition to psychosis. Using samples of people at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR) and Healthy controls (HC) who were administered a task fMRI paradigm, we used a framework for labelling time windows of fMRI scans as 'integrated' FC networks to provide a granular representation of functional connectivity (FC). Periods of integration were defined using the 'cartographic profile' of time windows and k-means clustering, and sub-network discovery was carried out using Network Based Statistics (NBS).

Neural Circuitry of Novelty Salience Processing in Psychosis Risk: Association With Clinical Outcome.

Psychosis has been proposed to develop from dysfunction in a hippocampal-striatal-midbrain circuit, leading to aberrant salience processing. Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during novelty salience processing to investigate this model in people at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis according to their subsequent clinical outcomes. Seventy-six CHR participants as defined using the Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental States (CAARMS) and 31 healthy controls (HC) were studied while performing a novelty salience fMRI task that engaged an a priori hippocampal-striatal-midbrain circuit of interest.

Basic Self-Disturbances Related to Reduced Anterior Cingulate Volume in Subjects at Ultra-High Risk for Psychosis.

Alterations of the "pre-reflective" sense of first-person perspective (e.g., of the "basic self") are characteristic features of schizophrenic spectrum disorders and are significantly present in the prodromal phase of psychosis and in subjects at ultra-high risk for psychosis (UHR).

Correction: Prefrontal GABA levels, hippocampal resting perfusion and the risk of psychosis.

This article was originally published under NPG's License to Publish, but has now been made available under a [CC BY 4.0] license. The PDF and HTML versions of the paper have been modified accordingly.

Prefrontal GABA levels, hippocampal resting perfusion and the risk of psychosis.

Preclinical models propose that the onset of psychosis is associated with hippocampal hyperactivity, thought to be driven by cortical GABAergic interneuron dysfunction and disinhibition of pyramidal neurons. Recent neuroimaging studies suggest that resting hippocampal perfusion is increased in subjects at ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis, but how this may be related to GABA concentrations is unknown. The present study used a multimodal neuroimaging approach to address this issue in UHR subjects.

Increased Resting Hippocampal and Basal Ganglia Perfusion in People at Ultra High Risk for Psychosis: Replication in a Second Cohort.

We recently reported that resting hippocampal, basal ganglia and midbrain perfusion is elevated in people at ultra high risk (UHR) for psychosis. The present study sought to replicate our previous finding in an independent UHR cohort, and examined the relationship between resting perfusion in these regions, psychosis and depression symptoms, and traumatic experiences in childhood. Pseudo-Continuous Arterial Spin Labelling (p-CASL) imaging was used to measure resting cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in 77 UHR for psychosis individuals and 25 healthy volunteers in a case-control design.

Pharmacological treatment of heart failure.

This article provides an overview of heart failure (HF) and pharmacological treatment of systolic left ventricular dysfunction. The purpose of this article is to provide nurses the knowledge of current treatment recommendations and the Five Million Lives campaign sponsored by the National Institute of Healthcare Improvement. This initiative is a national campaign to protect 5 million patients from medical harm by promoting evidence-based standards of practice to improve the healthcare of Americans.