Impact of COVID-19 on the veteran population: evidence from the Trends in Scottish Veterans Health study.

Introduction: There have been few epidemiological studies on the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic on the veteran population, other than on specific aspects such as mental health, and none in the UK. We used data from the Trends in Scottish Veterans Health cohort to explore the risk of hospitalisation and death associated with COVID-19 in veterans resident in Scotland in comparison with matched non-veterans.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study of 71 000 veterans and a comparison group of 230 000 non-veterans matched for age, sex and geography, using Cox proportional hazard analysis to explore the risk of hospitalisation with COVID-19 and COVID-19-associated death overall and by birth cohort, sex and length of military service.

Type 2 diabetes in Scottish military veterans: a retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: Type 2 diabetes is an important public health problem but the risk in UK military veterans is unknown. We used data from the Trends in Scottish Veterans' Health study to investigate the risk in comparison with people with no record of service.

Design: Retrospective cohort study of a large national sample in Scotland, with up to 37 years follow-up.

Hip and knee replacement as a proxy measure for lower limb osteoarthritis in Scottish military veterans.

Introduction: Physical activity is an important component of military training. Although injuries and musculoskeletal disorders are the most common cause of medical retirement from the Armed Forces, the long-term risk of lower limb osteoarthritis in veterans is unknown. We used data on hip and knee replacement in Scottish military veterans as a proxy measure.

Trends in cardiovascular disease in Scottish military veterans: a retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: To examine the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Scottish military veterans in comparison with people who had never served in long-term follow-up to 2017, and to compare the findings with our earlier study to 2012 to assess trends.

Design: Retrospective cohort study with up to 37 years follow-up.

Setting: Pseudo-anonymised extract of computerised Scottish National Health Service records and national vital records.

A comparison of routine and case-managed pathways for recovery from musculoskeletal disorders in people in employment.

Purpose: To compare outcomes in employed people from an enhanced routine management pathway for musculoskeletal disorders within National Health Service Scotland with an existing active case-management system, Working Health Services Scotland.

Materials And Methods: The study comprised a service evaluation using anonymised routinely collected data from all currently employed callers presenting with musculoskeletal disorder to the two services. Baseline demographic and clinical data were collected.

Age at entry to UK military service and long-term mental health.

Introduction: It has been suggested that '' to the UK Armed Forces (prior to age 17.5 years) increases the risk of adverse mental health outcomes. We used data from a large cohort of veterans to examine long-term mental health outcomes in veterans by age at entry to the UK Armed Forces, compared with non-veterans.

Postservice lower limb amputation in Scottish military veterans.

Introduction: Recent attention has focused on veterans who have lost limbs in conflict, but the number of UK veterans who lose limbs to disease is unknown. We used data from the Trends in Scottish Veterans' Health study to explore postservice lower limb amputation.

Methods: We carried out a retrospective cohort study of 78 000 veterans and 253 000 non-veterans born between 1945 and 1995, matched for age, sex and area of residence.

Road traffic accidents in Scottish military veterans.

Road traffic accidents (RTA) are recognised to be an important cause of death and injury in serving military personnel but little is known about the risk in veterans. We used data from the Scottish Veterans Health Study to examine the risk of RTA in a large national cohort of veterans, in comparison with people who had never served. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 57,000 veterans and 173,000 non-veterans, followed up for up to 30 years, using survival analysis to compare risk of RTA injury.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Scottish military veterans.

Introduction: Smoking is a major risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Serving military personnel have previously been shown to be more likely to smoke, and to smoke more heavily, than civilians, but there is no clear consensus as to whether in later life, as veterans, they experience a higher prevalence and mortality from COPD than do non-veterans. We examined the risk of COPD in Scottish veterans and assessed the impact of changes in military smoking.

Lymphohaematopoietic malignancies in Scottish military veterans: Retrospective cohort study of 57,000 veterans and 173,000 non-veterans.

Background: Lymphohaematopoietic malignancies are common in the general population. There have been concerns that military service may be associated with increased risk as a result of occupational exposures. To date, few studies have demonstrated an increased risk, although a disability pension is payable to veterans who were present at nuclear tests and who develop leukaemia (other than chronic lymphocytic leukaemia).

Smoking-related cancer in military veterans: retrospective cohort study of 57,000 veterans and 173,000 matched non-veterans.

Background: Serving military personnel are more likely to smoke, and to smoke more heavily, than civilians. The aim of our study was to examine whether veterans have an increased risk of a range of smoking-related cancers compared with non-veterans, using a large, national cohort of veterans.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 57,000 veterans resident in Scotland and 173,000 age, sex and area of residence matched civilians.

Long-Term Mental Health Outcomes of Military Service: National Linkage Study of 57,000 Veterans and 173,000 Matched Nonveterans.

Objective: We used data from the Scottish Veterans Health Study to examine long-term mental health outcomes in a large cohort of veterans, with a focus on the impact of length of service.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective, 30-year cohort study of 56,205 veterans born from 1945 through 1985, including 14,702 who left military service prematurely, and 172,741 people with no record of military service, using Cox proportional hazard models, to examine the association between veteran status and length of service and cumulative risk of mental health disorder. We stratified the veterans by common lengths of service, defining Early Service Leavers as those who had served for less than 2.

Tuberculosis in Scottish military veterans: evidence from a retrospective cohort study of 57 000 veterans and 173 000 matched non-veterans.

Objective: Tuberculosis was a major cause of morbidity and manpower loss in the Armed Forces during World War II. Military control programmes commenced in the 1950s but were initially limited in scope by the many recruits who were already tuberculin positive on enlistment. The aim of our study was to examine whether veterans have an increased risk of tuberculosis compared with non-veterans.

Early adoption of screening and the changing pattern of cervical cancer in UK military women: evidence from the Scottish Veterans Health Study.

Objective: To examine the risk of cervical cancer in a large national cohort of military veteran women followed up for up to 30 years.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study of 5235 veteran women born between 1945 and 1985, and 20 703 women with no record of service matched for age and area of residence, using Cox proportional hazard models to compare the overall risk of cervical cancer and by year of birth.

Results: During the follow-up period 1981-2012, there were 18 (0.

Motor neurone disease and military service: evidence from the Scottish Veterans Health Study.

Objectives: In 2003, it was reported that motor neurone disease was linked to military service in the 1990-1991 Gulf War. A large study in the US confirmed an association with military service but found no association with specific conflicts or length of service. Non-veteran studies have suggested an association with physical activity, smoking and other risk factors.

Long-term consequences of alcohol misuse in Scottish military veterans.

Objective: Serving military personnel are more likely to drink heavily than civilians. The aim of our study was to examine whether veterans have an increased risk of alcoholic liver disease and alcohol-related death compared with non-veterans.

Design: Retrospective cohort study of 57 000 veterans resident in Scotland and 173 000 age, sex and area of residence-matched civilians, using Cox proportional hazard models to compare the risk of alcoholic liver disease and alcohol-related death overall, by sex, birth cohort, length of service and year of recruitment, adjusting for socioeconomic status.

Acute myocardial infarction in Scottish military veterans: a retrospective cohort study of 57,000 veterans and 173,000 matched nonveterans.

Few studies of veterans have examined cardiovascular disease as the primary outcome, other than in relation to specific conflicts or hazards. To assess the long-term risk and prognosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in United Kingdom veterans from a broad range of military backgrounds and experience, we conducted a retrospective cohort study of 57,000 veterans resident in Scotland and 173,000 civilians matched on age, sex, and area of residence. Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare the risks of fatal/nonfatal AMI overall, by sex, and by year of birth, adjusting for the potentially confounding effect of socioeconomic status, and to compare rates of case-fatality following AMI at 30-day, 1-year, and 5-year follow-up.