Moving beyond Technical Issues to Stakeholder Involvement: Key Areas for Consideration in the Development of Human-Centred and Trusted AI in Healthcare.

Discussion around the increasing use of AI in healthcare tends to focus on the technical aspects of the technology rather than the socio-technical issues associated with implementation. In this paper, we argue for the development of a sustained societal dialogue between stakeholders around the use of AI in healthcare. We contend that a more human-centred approach to AI implementation in healthcare is needed which is inclusive of the views of a range of stakeholders.

Perspectives on artificial intelligence in healthcare from a Patient and Public Involvement Panel in Japan: an exploratory study.

Patients and members of the public are the end users of healthcare, but little is known about their views on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare, particularly in the Japanese context. This paper reports on an exploratory two-part workshop conducted with members of a Patient and Public Involvement Panel in Japan, which was designed to identify their expectations and concerns about the use of AI in healthcare broadly. 55 expectations and 52 concerns were elicited from workshop participants, who were then asked to cluster and title these expectations and concerns.

Burden of illness seen in hereditary angioedema in Japanese patients: Results from a patient reported outcome survey.

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a potentially life-threatening rare disease, which is mainly caused by the deficiency or dysfunction of C1-esterase inhibitor, and characterized by spontaneous, recurrent episodes of edema in various parts of the body including internal organs and the laryngeal area. Delayed diagnosis and treatment increase the burdens and risks of this condition. The current study aimed to understand the burden of illness for HAE patients in Japan before and after diagnosis through a patient reported outcome survey.

Patient involvement in priority-setting for medical research: A mini review of initiatives in the rare disease field.

Patient involvement (PI) in determining medical research priorities is an important way to ensure that limited research funds are allocated to best serve patients. As a disease area for which research funds are limited, we see a particular utility for PI in priority-setting for medical research on rare diseases. In this review, we argue that PI initiatives are an important form of evidence for policymaking.

Evaluating standards for 'serious' disease for preimplantation genetic testing: a multi-case study on regulatory frameworks in Japan, the UK, and Western Australia.

Background: A number of countries are leading the way in creating regulatory frameworks for preimplantation genetic testing (PGT). Among these countries, a point of consensus is that PGT may be used to avoid the birth of a child with a serious genetic disease. However, standards for evaluating disease severity in this context are not always clear.

Status of school health programs in Asia: National policy and implementation.

Background: The WHO's Health Promoting Schools (HPS) framework is based on an understanding of the reciprocal relationship between health and education, and the need to take a holistic approach to health promotion in schools. We aim to clarify the degree to which the HPS framework is reflected in the national policies of eight target countries and the issues surrounding its successful implementation.

Methods: Date were collected through two expert workshops with participants from eight Asian countries: Cambodia, China, Japan, Korea, Lao PDR, Nepal, the Philippines, and Thailand.

The practice of active patient involvement in rare disease research using ICT: experiences and lessons from the RUDY JAPAN project.

Background: The role of patients in medical research is changing, as more emphasis is being placed on patient involvement, and patient reported outcomes are increasingly contributing to clinical decision-making. Information and communication technology provides new opportunities for patients to actively become involved in research. These trends are particularly noticeable in Europe and the US, but less obvious in Japan.

The diagnosis and treatment of hereditary angioedema patients in Japan: A patient reported outcome survey.

Background: The rate at which patients are accurately diagnosed with hereditary angioedema (HAE), as well as diagnosed patients access to modern treatments differs greatly among countries. Moreover, the severity and burden of HAE on patients have been reported mostly on the basis of physician-reported surveys. To gain insight into the real-world conditions of patients with HAE through a patient-reported survey in Japan and identify any unmet needs.

Landscape of Participant-Centric Initiatives for Medical Research in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Japan: Scoping Review.

Background: Information and communication technology (ICT) has made remarkable progress in recent years and is being increasingly applied to medical research. This technology has the potential to facilitate the active involvement of research participants. Digital platforms that enable participants to be involved in the research process are called participant-centric initiatives (PCIs).

Patient involvement in preparing health research peer-reviewed publications or results summaries: a systematic review and evidence-based recommendations.

Background: There are increasing calls for patient involvement in sharing health research results, but no evidence-based recommendations to guide such involvement. Our objectives were to: (1) conduct a systematic review of the evidence on patient involvement in results sharing, (2) propose evidence-based recommendations to help maximize benefits and minimize risks of such involvement and (3) conduct this project with patient authors.

Methods: To avoid research waste, we verified that no systematic reviews were registered or published on this topic.

Associations between childhood experiences of parental corporal punishment and neglectful parenting and undergraduate students' endorsement of corporal punishment as an acceptable parenting strategy.

This study evaluated the effects of childhood experiences of parental corporal punishment (CP) and neglectful parenting (NP) on Japanese university students' endorsement of parental CP (EPP) to discipline children, in relation to subjective happiness (SH). A total of 536 undergraduate students who showed no physical symptoms completed anonymous paper-based questionnaires addressing demographic characteristics, undergraduate classes, and recent health conditions on SF-8 (PCS, MCS). It was found that the proportions of participants who experienced pervasive CP and NP were larger in men than in women (36.

Designing a safeguarding tool for Japanese professionals to identify, understand and respond to adolescent sexual behaviours.

Objectives: This study sought to construct a developmental and context-sensitive framework that could be used to identify, understand and respond to adolescent sexual behaviours.

Methods: We reviewed work being conducted on adolescent sexual development, health and safety, interviewed UK-based professionals working on sexual health and child protection, and, having identified the Traffic Light Tool (TLT) designed by Family Planning Queensland and then developed by Brook in the UK, we conducted expert interviews. Finally, we reviewed in-house consultation, training and evaluation documentation provided by Brook.