Comorbidity of depression and posttraumatic stress disorder: Outcomes from a randomized controlled trial of surf and hike therapies among service members.

Objective: Major depressive disorder (MDD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are commonly comorbid mental health disorders. Exercise performed in the natural environment has shown promise in relieving symptoms of each disorder separately; however, the effectiveness has seldom been studied in comorbid populations.

Method: Data were derived from a randomized controlled trial of surf and hike therapy for active duty service members with MDD ( = 95).

Gender Differences in Psychological Outcomes Following Surf versus Hike Therapy among U.S. Service Members.

Background: Surf and hike therapies have demonstrated effectiveness as adjunct interventions for service members with major depressive disorder (MDD). This study explores gender differences in intervention outcomes following a pragmatic, randomized controlled trial of Surf and Hike Therapy for service members with MDD ( = 96; men, = 46; women, = 50).

Methods: Clinician-administered and self-report measures (depression, anxiety, positive affect, negative affect, resilience, and pain) were completed at preprogram, postprogram, and 3-month follow-up; brief measures (depression/anxiety and positive affect) were completed before and after each session.

Psychological and functional outcomes following a randomized controlled trial of surf and hike therapy for U.S. service members.

Introduction: Exercise-based interventions have established benefits for the treatment of depression and other psychological outcomes; however, limited data exist evaluating psychological, social, and functional outcomes for exercise outdoors.

Methods: The current study sought to expand knowledge about the breadth of effects following outdoor exercise interventions by using data from a randomized control trial comparing Surf and Hike Therapy among 96 U.S.

A randomized controlled trial of surf and hike therapy for U.S. active duty service members with major depressive disorder.

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the most prevalent mental health disorder worldwide, including among U.S. service members.

Gender Differences in Psychological Outcomes Following Surf Therapy Sessions among U.S. Service Members.

Surf therapy is increasingly being used as an intervention to address various health problems, including psychological symptoms. Although recent research supports the positive impact of surf therapy on psychological outcomes, it is unclear whether these outcomes differ between men and women. This study compared changes in depression/anxiety (Patient Health Questionnaire-4), positive affect (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule), and pain (Numerical Pain Rating Scale) between U.

Comparison of surf and hike therapy for active duty service members with major depressive disorder: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial of novel interventions in a naturalistic setting.

Many active duty service members suffer from major depressive disorder (MDD). Although traditional treatments exist, alternative approaches may also be effective in treating depressive symptoms. Previous research has shown that physical activity has significant positive effects on depression symptoms in individuals with MDD, and that these benefits may be enhanced when physical activity occurs in a natural environment.