Documentation of Advance Directives and Code Status in Electronic Medical Records to Honor Goals of Care.

Advance care planning is a process that supports conversations about the values that matter most to patients and their family members. The documentation of advance directives and code status in a patient's electronic health record (EHR) is a critical step to ensure treatment preferences are honored in the medical care received. The current approach to advanced care planning documentation in electronic medical records often remains disparate within and across EHR systems.

Divergent Perceptions of Barriers to Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Among Patients and Care Providers, Los Angeles, California, 2014-2015.

Introduction: Despite availability of screening for diabetic retinopathy, testing is underused by many low-income and racial/ethnic minority patients with diabetes. We examined perceived barriers to diabetic retinopathy screening among low-income patients and their health care providers and provider staffers.

Methods: We collected survey data from 101 patients with diabetes and 44 providers and staffers at a safety-net clinic where annual diabetic retinopathy screening rates were low.

Resolving spatial modes of lasers via matrix completion.

We explain a technique that recovers the structure and the modal weights of spatial modes of lasers from a limited number of spatial coherence measurements. Our approach interpolates the unobserved spatial coherence measurements via the low-rank matrix completion algorithm based on nuclear norm minimization and then extracts the set of modes via singular value decomposition. Numerical examples are provided on a variety of lasers to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method, and it is shown that the proposed method can further reduce the number of measurements by a factor of 2 for a moderate data size.

Total corneal power estimation: ray tracing method versus gaussian optics formula.

Purpose: To evaluate with the use of corneal topographic data the differences between total corneal power calculated using ray tracing (TCP) and the Gaussian formula (GEP) in normal eyes, eyes that previously underwent laser in situ keratomileusis/photorefractive keratectomy (LASIK/PRK), and theoretical models.

Methods: TCP and GEP using mean instantaneous curvature were calculated over the central 4-mm zone in 94 normal eyes, 61 myopic-LASIK/PRK eyes, and 9 hyperopic-LASIK/PRK eyes. A corneal model was constructed to assess the incident angles at the posterior corneal surface for both refracted rays and parallel rays.

Real-time all-optical performance monitoring using optical bit-shape correlation.

A new optical performance monitoring technique of an optical link in real time is experimentally demonstrated. Rather than comparing bit streams or analyzing eye diagrams, we use a novel optical correlator to compare the shapes of the individual received bits to a standard. The all-optical correlator outputs a pulse whose strength directly measures the degradation of the bit during transmission.

Optical cross-connect system based on the White cell and three-state microelectromechanical system: experimental demonstration of the quartic cell.

We present a proof of concept (design, simulations, and experimental results) for an optical cross-connection device based on the optical White cell and a three-state microelectromechanical system tilting mirror array. We describe in detail the implementation of an underpopulated quartic White cell configuration. We discuss the aberrations associated with the output of the system.

Real-time all-optical quality of service monitoring by use of correlation and a network protocol to exploit it.

We propose to use optical correlation to measure the quality of an optical link in real time, staying completely within the optical domain. We transmit a test signal of 010 and correlate the received (degraded) signal with 010. The strength and shape of the output measure dispersion and attenuation in just 3 bit periods (75 ps at 40 Gb/s) compared with minutes by traditional methods.

Design and demonstration of a switching engine for a binary true-time-delay device that uses a white cell.

Optical true-time-delay devices based on the White cell can be divided into two general types: polynomial cells, in which the number of delays that can be obtained is related to the number of times m that a beam bounces in the cell raised to some power, and exponential cells, in which the number of delays is proportional to some number raised to the power of m. In exponential cells, the topic to be addressed, the spatial light modulator switches between a delay element and a null path on each bounce. We describe an improved design of this switching engine, which contains a liquid-crystal switch and a White cell.

Demonstration of a linear optical true-time delay device by use of a microelectromechanical mirror array.

We present the design and proof-of-concept demonstration of an optical device capable of producing true-time delay(s) (TTD)(s) for phased array antennas. This TTD device uses a free-space approach consisting of a single microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) mirror array in a multiple reflection spherical mirror configuration based on the White cell. Divergence is avoided by periodic refocusing by the mirrors.

Polynomial-based optical true-time delay devices with microelectromechanical mirror arrays.

We previously reported optical true-time delay devices, based on the White cell, to support phased-array radars. In particular, we demonstrated a quadratic device, in which the number of delays obtainable was proportional to the square of the number of times the light beam bounced in the cell. Here we consider the possibilities when a microelectromechanical (MEM) tip/tilt mirror array with multiple stable states is used.

Optical true time delay for phased-array antennas: demonstration of a quadratic White cell.

We have demonstrated a proof-of-concept optical device that can produce true time delays for a phased-array radar. This device combines White cells of differing lengths with a spatial light modulator to select between the paths on multiple bounces of a given beam. The approach can handle thousands of light beams and produce hundreds of different delays.