Inter-Eye Association of Visual Field Defects in Glaucoma and Its Clinical Utility.

Purpose: To investigate intereye associations of visual field (VF) defects.

Methods: We selected 24-2 VF pairs of both eyes from 63,604 patients tested on the same date with mean deviation (MD) ≥ -12 dB. VFs were decomposed into one normal and 15 defect patterns previously identified using archetypal analysis.

Male contraception: Prospects for sound and ultrasound.

The worldwide human population growth rate, which doubled during the 20th century, as well as the increasing fertility rate, have contributed to an increasing and evolving emphasis on contraception. With respect to female contraceptive methods, many have been developed, marketed, and are widely available. In contrast, male contraception has been limited to condoms, which pose logistical challenges, and vasectomy, which is largely irreversible.