Combinatorial Synthesis of Peptoid Arrays via Laser-Based Stacking of Multiple Polymer Nanolayers.

Here, the combinatorial synthesis of molecule arrays via a laser-assisted process is reported. Laser-transferred polymer nanolayers with embedded monomers, activators, or bases can be reliably stacked on top of each other, spot-by-spot, to synthesize molecule arrays. These various chemicals in the nanometer-thin layers are mixed by heat or solvent vapor, inducing coupling reactions.

Combinatorial Synthesis of Macromolecular Arrays by Microchannel Cantilever Spotting (µCS).

Surface-bound microarrays of multiple oligo- and macromolecules (e.g., peptides, DNA) offer versatile options in biomedical applications like drug screening, DNA analysis, or medical diagnostics.

Phenolic excipients of insulin formulations induce cell death, pro-inflammatory signaling and MCP-1 release.

Skin reactions at the infusion site are a common side effect of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy. We hypothesized that local skin complications are caused by components of commercial insulin formulations that contain phenol or -cresol as excipients. The toxic potential of insulin solutions and the mechanisms leading to skin reactions were explored in cultured cells.