Effects of Final Irrigation with SmearOFF on the Surface of Dentin Using Surface Analytical Methods.

Introduction: SmearOFF (Vista Dental Products, Racine, WI) is an irrigation solution containing chlorhexidine (CHX), EDTA, and a surfactant. This study examined the chemical interaction of SmearOFF with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on the dentin surface, specifically the formation of precipitate and/or parachloroanaline (PCA).

Methods: Dentin blocks prepared from human maxillary molars were mounted in resin.

Qualitative Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Root Dentin Irrigated with Sodium Hypochlorite, EDTA, or Chlorhexidine.

Introduction: Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), chelating agents, and chlorhexidine (CHX), which are commonly used irrigants during endodontic treatment, have the potential to alter the physical and chemical properties of the dentin structure. The aim of this study was to use time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry to qualitatively evaluate the chemical characteristics of dentin surface and compare it with dentin exposed to NaOCl, EDTA, or CHX.

Methods: Four blocks of dentin from a root of a human maxillary molar were embedded in resin and trimmed with a microtome to expose the dentin.

Qualitative analysis of precipitate formation on the surface and in the tubules of dentin irrigated with sodium hypochlorite and a final rinse of chlorhexidine or QMiX.

Introduction: Interaction of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) mixed with chlorhexidine (CHX) produces a brown precipitate containing para-chloroaniline (PCA). When QMiX is mixed with NaOCl, no precipitate forms, but color change occurs. The aim of this study was to qualitatively assess the formation of precipitate and PCA on the surface and in the tubules of dentin irrigated with NaOCl, followed either by EDTA, NaOCl, and CHX or by saline and QMiX by using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS).

Microbial biofilm proliferation within sealer-root dentin interfaces is affected by sealer type and aging period.

Introduction: Root canal fillings are intended to prevent microbial proliferation over time in the canal after treatment. The objective of this study was to assess biofilm proliferation within the sealer-dentin interfaces of 2 methacrylate resin-based systems, self-etch (SE) and total-etch (TE), and an epoxy resin-based sealer (EP), aged for up to 6 months.

Methods: Standardized specimens (n = 45) comprising the coronal 5 mm of human roots were filled with the test materials and gutta-percha.

The operating microscope enhances detection and negotiation of accessory mesial canals in mandibular molars.

Introduction: Detection and negotiation of accessory mesial canals in mandibular molars was investigated with the aid of magnifying loupes or the operating microscope.

Methods: First and second mandibular molars (n = 96) were mounted in mannequins. Three independent investigators (endodontists) prepared access cavities using 4.

Determination of 4-chloroaniline and its derivatives formed in the interaction of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine by using gas chromatography.

Introduction: The combination of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and chlorhexidine (CHX) results in the formation of a precipitate. In a previous study, we demonstrated the formation of 4-chloroaniline (PCA) in the precipitate by using x-ray photon spectroscopy (XPS) and time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). The TOF-SIMS results showed a peak at 127 amu, which is characteristic of 4-chloroaniline.

Antibacterial efficacy of MTAD final rinse and two percent chlorhexidine gel medication in teeth with apical periodontitis: a randomized double-blinded clinical trial.

Introduction: Clinical assessment of the efficacy of novel root canal disinfection protocols is an important focus in endodontic research. This randomized double-blinded study assessed the antibacterial efficacy of a final rinse with BioPure MTAD (MTAD) and intracanal medication with 2% chlorhexidine gel (CHX) in teeth with apical periodontitis.

Methods: Canals in 30 teeth (single-rooted and multi-rooted) were prepared by using 1.

Using diazotization to characterize the effect of heat or sodium hypochlorite on 2.0% chlorhexidine.

Introduction: The combination of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and chlorhexidine (CHX) results in the formation of a precipitate. In a previous study, we demonstrated the formation of 4-chloraniline (PCA) in the precipitate in an amount directly related to the concentration of NaOCl used.

Aims And Methods: The aim of the present study was to use a diazotization technique to confirm the presence of an aromatic amine (like PCA) in the NaOCl/CHX precipitate and also in the 2.

Characterization of an ex vivo model for the assessment of root canal disinfection.

Root canal bacteria in teeth with apical periodontitis were enumerated after extraction and incubation. Canals in 36 teeth were sampled after: S1, incubation for 2 hours (group A), 2 days (group B), 4 days (group C), and 6 days (group D); S2, subsequent incubation for 1 week; S3, canal disinfection; and S4, final incubation for 1 week. Bacterial concentrations were determined by culture (colony-forming unit [CFU]) and epifluorescence-microscopy (EFM) and compared by using pairwise and exact-permutation tests (p < 0.

Treatment outcome in endodontics: the Toronto study--phase 4: initial treatment.

Outcome 4-6 years after initial treatment was assessed for Phase 4 (2000-2001) of the Toronto Study. Of 582 teeth treated, 430 were lost to follow-up (99 discontinuers, 331 dropouts), 15 were extracted, and 137 (32% recall minus 15 extracted teeth) were examined for outcome: healed (no apical periodontitis, signs, symptoms) or diseased. When pooled with Phases 1-3, 439 of 510 teeth (86%) were healed.

Treatment outcome in endodontics: the Toronto study--phases 3 and 4: orthograde retreatment.

Outcome 4-6 years after retreatment was assessed for Phases 3 and 4 of the Toronto Study. Of 477 teeth retreated, 333 were lost to follow-up, 18 were extracted, and 126 (41% recall, excluding 124 discontinuers) were examined for outcome of healed (periapical index score, < or = 2; no signs or symptoms) or diseased. When pooled with Phases 1 and 2, 187 of 229 teeth (82%) were healed.

Interaction between sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine gluconate.

The combination of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and chlorhexidine (CHX) results in the formation of a precipitate. The aim of this study was to determine the minimum concentration of NaOCl required to form a precipitate with 2.0% CHX.