The Role of Maintaining Nutritional Adequacy Status and Physical Activity in Onco-Nephrology: Not a Myth Anymore, but a Reality.

Physical Activity (PA) provides numerous biological and psychological benefits, especially for cancer patients. PA mitigates treatment side effects, influences hormones, inflammation, adiposity, and immune function, and reduces symptoms of anxiety, depression, and fatigue. This study evaluates the impact of PA on these positive outcomes.

The Detrimental Effect of Metabolic Syndrome on Long-term Renal Function in Patients Undergoing Elective Partial Nephrectomy for Small Renal Masses.

Background And Objective: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a clinical condition associated with higher rates of overall and cardiovascular mortality. There is scarce evidence regarding the impact of MetS on surgical and functional outcomes for patients undergoing partial nephrectomy (PN) for clinically localized small renal masses (SRMs).

Methods: We analyzed data from a prospectively maintained institutional database for 690 patients with cT1a renal cancer undergoing PN between 2000 and 2023 at a tertiary referral center.

The long noncoding RNA SUMO1P3 as urinary biomarker for monitoring bladder cancer progression.

Introduction: Urothelial Bladder Cancer (BC) is the ninth most common cancer worldwide. It is classified into Non Muscle Invasive (NMIBC) and Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (MIBC), which are characterized by frequent recurrences and progression rate, respectively. The diagnosis and monitoring are obtained through invasive methods as cystoscopy and post-surgery biopsies.

Effects of a Personalized Diet on Nutritional Status and Renal Function Outcome in Nephrectomized Patients with Renal Cancer.

Nutritional therapy (NT) based on a controlled protein intake represents a cornerstone in managing chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, if a CKD patient is at the same time affected by cancer, oncologists and nutritionists tend to suggest a dietary regimen based on high protein intake to avoid catabolism and malnutrition. International guidelines are not clear when we consider onco-nephrological patients and, as a consequence, no clinical shared strategy is currently applied in clinical practice.

Measurement of Glomerular Filtration Rate in Patients Undergoing Renal Surgery for Cancer: Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate versus Measured Glomerular Filtration Rate in the Era of Precision Medicine.

Background: In the era of precision medicine, determining reliable renal function assessment remains a critical and debatable issue, especially in nephrology and oncology.

Summary: This paper delves into the significance of accurately measured glomerular filtration rate (mGFR) in clinical practice, highlighting its essential role in guiding medical decisions and managing kidney health, particularly in the context of renal cancer (RC) patients undergoing nephrotoxic anti-cancer drugs. The limitations and advantages of traditional glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimation methods, primarily using serum biomarkers like creatinine and cystatin C, are discussed, emphasizing their possible inadequacy in cancer patients.

Effectiveness of Preoperative Immunonutrition in Improving Surgical Outcomes after Radical Cystectomy for Bladder Cancer: Study Protocol for a Multicentre, Open-Label, Randomised Trial (INu-RC).

Radical cystectomy (RC) with pelvic lymph node dissection is the standard treatment for patients with limited-stage muscle-invasive bladder cancer. RC is associated with a complication rate of approximately 50-88%. Immunonutrition (IMN) refers to the administration of substrates, such as omega-3 fatty acids, arginine, glutamine, and nucleotides, that modulate the immune response.

Immunonutrition in Radical Cystectomy: State of the Art and Perspectives.

Preoperative nutritional status is a pivotal aspect to consider in patients with cancer undergoing radical cystectomy (RC), as those at risk of malnutrition or already malnourished are more prone to post-surgical complications. The loss of muscle mass is a major consequence of cancer-related malnutrition. It is associated with increased risk of hospital readmission, longer hospitalization, and higher mortality.

Renal Histology in CKD Stages: Match or Mismatch with Glomerular Filtration Rate?

A reliable assessment of renal function is of paramount importance in several clinical assets in order to tailor a personalized medical approach. CKD classification system, created in 2002 by the National Kidney Foundation-sponsored Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative and then implemented in the following years by the K-DIGO guidelines, offered clinicians a new strategy to better identify nephrological patients at low or high risk to develop renal insufficiency, in order to avoid the progression to end-stage renal disease. However, the criteria used to create this classification did not consider some important aspects related to renal histology and glomerular filtration rate measurement, resulting in a possible over- or underestimation of the real established renal damage.

The Impact of a Mediterranean-like Diet with Controlled Protein Intake on the Onco-Nephrological Scenario: Time for a New Perspective.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents a frequent comorbidity in cancer patients, especially for patients affected by urological cancers. Unfortunately, impaired kidney function may limit the choice of adequate oncological treatments for their potential nephrotoxicity or due to contraindications in case of a low glomerular filtration rate. For these patients, tailored nephrological and nutritional management is mandatory.

Obesity and Metabolic Traits after High-Fat Diet in Iberian Pigs with Low Birth Weight of Placental Origin.

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and later obesity and metabolic disorders have classically been associated with maternal malnutrition, but most cases of IUGR are related to placental insufficiency. The current study, using a swine model for IUGR and obesity, aimed to determine the interaction of birth weight (categorized as low birth weight [LBW] or normal birth-weight [NBW]) and postnatal diet (categorized as maintenance diet [MD] or fattening diet [FD]) on body weight, adiposity and metabolic traits. FD induced higher body weight and adiposity (both p < 0.

The Mediterranean Diet as a Source of Bioactive Molecules with Cannabinomimetic Activity in Prevention and Therapy Strategy.

The endocannabinoid system is a complex lipid signaling network that has evolved to be a key regulator of pro-homeostatic pathways for the organism. Its involvement in numerous processes has rendered it a very suitable target for pharmacological studies regarding metabolic syndrome, obesity and other lifestyle-related diseases. Cannabinomimetic molecules have been found in a large variety of foods, most of which are normally present in the Mediterranean diet.

The Role of Vascular Lesions in Diabetes Across a Spectrum of Clinical Kidney Disease.

Introduction: The clinical-histologic correlation in diabetic nephropathy is not completely known.

Methods: We analyzed nephrectomy specimens from 90 patients with diabetes and diverse degrees of proteinuria and glomerular filtration rate (GFR).

Results: Thirty-six (40%) subjects had normoalbuminuria, 33 (37%) microalbuminuria, and 21 (23%) non-nephrotic proteinuria.

Unexpected Outcomes of Renal Function after Radical Nephrectomy: Histology Relevance along with Clinical Aspects.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are common events after radical nephrectomy (RN). In this study we aimed to predict AKI and CKD after RN relying on specific histological aspects. We collected data from a cohort of 144 patients who underwent radical nephrectomy.

Preliminary Study on Pasta Samples Characterized in Antioxidant Compounds and Their Biological Activity on Kidney Cells.

Pasta is one of the basic foods of the Mediterranean diet and for this reason it was chosen for this study to evaluate its antioxidant properties. Three types of pasta were selected: buckwheat, rye and egg pasta. Qualitative-quantitative characterization analyses were carried out by HPLC-DAD to identify antioxidant compounds.

Renal function outcomes in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer treated with neoadjuvant pembrolizumab and radical cystectomy in the PURE-01 study.

The use of pembrolizumab has been largely accepted in several advanced types of cancers. PURE 01 study (NCT02736266) enrolled consecutively 143 patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer who received 3 cycles of pembrolizumab 200 mg every 3 weeks before planned radical cystectomy (RC). Clinical, pathological and laboratory data were collected to investigate the relationship between renal function, immunotherapy and cancer-related outcomes.

Renal histology across the stages of chronic kidney disease.

Background: The chronic kidney disease (CKD) classification represents a simple tool to evaluate kidney disease. However, it is not based on kidney histology and this might limit the correlation between renal function and histological damage. The aim of this study was to examine the presence and magnitude of the discordance between CKD classification and kidney histology.

Parenchymal biopsy in the management of patients with renal cancer.

Purpose: The role of non-tumour renal biopsy in predicting renal function after surgery for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is poorly investigated. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of renal parenchymal histology on renal function after radical nephrectomy in a cohort of patients with RCC.

Methods: This cohort study included 171 patients with RCC submitted to radical nephrectomy between 2006 and 2018.

Urine Endocannabinoids as Novel Non-Invasive Biomarkers for Bladder Cancer at Early Stage.

Due to the involvement of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in cancer onset and progression and the less studied connection between ECS and bladder cancer, here an evaluation of the ECS modifications associated with bladder cancer is reported. Urine samples were collected from healthy volunteers and patients with bladder cancer at different grades. Endocannabinoids (ECs) and N-acylethanolamides (NAEs) were quantified by HPLC-MS/MS and results normalized for creatinine content.

Renal Function Assessment Gap in Clinical Practice: An Awkward Truth.

Introduction: An accurate assessment of renal function is needed in the majority of clinical settings. Unfortunately, the most used estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) formulas are affected by significant errors in comparison to gold standards methods of measured GFR (mGFR).

Objective: The objective of the study is to determine the extent of the error of eGFR formulas compared to the mGFR in different specific clinical settings.

The Modern Western Diet Rich in Advanced Glycation End-Products (AGEs): An Overview of Its Impact on Obesity and Early Progression of Renal Pathology.

Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are an assorted group of molecules formed through covalent bonds between a reduced sugar and a free amino group of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Glycation alters their structure and function, leading to impaired cell function. They can be originated by physiological processes, when not counterbalanced by detoxification mechanisms, or derive from exogenous sources such as food, cigarette smoke, and air pollution.