Visualisation of drug distribution in skin using correlative optical spectroscopy and mass spectrometry imaging.

A correlative methodology for label-free chemical imaging of soft tissue has been developed, combining non-linear optical spectroscopies and mass spectrometry to achieve sub-micron spatial resolution and critically improved drug detection sensitivity. The approach was applied to visualise the kinetics of drug reservoir formation within human skin following in vitro topical treatment with a commercial diclofenac gel. Non-destructive optical spectroscopic techniques, namely stimulated Raman scattering, second harmonic generation and two photon fluorescence microscopies, were used to provide chemical and structural contrast.

Oro-palatal dysplasia Bettex-Graf--a new syndrome.

Four cases of an until now undescribed syndrome have been observed in Berne in the last 40 years. All four cases are members of the same family and have occurred in three consecutive generations. They present with a U-shaped palatal cleft, microstomia, hypoplasia of the mandibula and a partial anodontia.

Chondroclasts in osteoneogenesis.

Allogenic, demineralized bone powder (DBP) was implanted into rat rectus abdominis muscle to induce osteoneogenesis. The main induction steps are invasion of the implant by host mesenchyme cells, differentiation of cartilage, invasion by blood capillaries or angiogenesis, differentiation of osteoblasts and bone marrow. The result is the formation of a cancellous ossicle.

Use of cultured keratinocytes in the treatment of severe burns.

A 6 1/2-year-old child was admitted to the emergency ward for third degree burn injuries representing 40% of body surface. Shock therapy was first applied. After débridement and in a series of operating sessions hands were grafted with full-thickness skin and most other wounds were covered with mesh grafts.

Granular cystitis in girls. Long-term follow-up.

Granular cystitis or 'papular cystitis' is a very common form of cystitis in young girls. In this paper we show the evolution of this affliction in women after puberty. In a series we were able to follow up leukoplakia or follicular cystitis patients to the age of 16 years.

Influence of early closure of soft palatal clefts on the pharyngeal skeleton: observation by CT scan.

According to the literature (Schweckendiek, 1955; Malek and Psaume, 1983), early closure of the soft palate is a factor in the development of better phonation. The reason for this favorable outcome is not yet known with any certainty. One of the factors may be the volume of the epipharynx, which depends on the distance between the pterygoid processes and their orientation in space.

Small bowel esophagoplasty without vascular microanastomosis: a preliminary report.

An intestinal segment through staged augmentation of its blood supply can be well suited to bridge a gap in the esophagus from the abdomen to the neck.

Repair of cloacal malformation using combined posterior sagittal and abdominal perineal approaches.

Cloacal malformations in female infants are not very common and their treatment is most challenging because every case differs from the others. In the light of a well-documented case, the authors describe the complexity of the malformation, the difficulties of making a correct detailed diagnosis, and the chronology of repair. They stress the advantage of the posterior sagittal approach for the first part of the operation, changing for the second part to a supine and later to a lithotomy position.

Urinary calculi in association with glomerular immaturity.

The syndrome of glomerular immaturity associated with renal tubular acidosis and nephrocalcinosis or urolithiasis is illustrated by a case in which the diagnosis was made before the histological confirmation. Cases of urolithiasis in infants may be associated with this syndrome and attention must be paid to this rare but severe condition.

The clinical applications of demineralised bone powder (DBP)-induced osteoneogenesis.

New bone tissue can be induced anywhere in the animal organism, i.e. even at a site distant from actual bone, by the implantation of demineralised bone powder (DBP).

Incidence of gastroesophageal reflux following repair of esophageal atresia.

Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) was looked for retro- and prospectively by various diagnostic methods in 67 patients, subdivided into three groups according to age at time of investigation. Pathological reflux was found in only one-quarter of the patients aged 16-23 years, but in three-quarters of both younger groups followed up for 1.5-14 years so far.

Significance of esophageal manometry and long-term pH monitoring for the evaluation of gastroesophageal reflux in infancy and childhood.

From examinations and clinical observations of 40 infants and a varying number of children from 2 to 11 years who all had characteristic symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux (GER), an attempt was made to establish the diagnostic contribution of esophageal manometry and long-term pH monitoring. A correlation between decreased resting pressure (less than or equal to 12 mmHg), or a sphincter insufficiency, and the degree of reflux symptoms was completely absent in infancy and increased only very slightly in young children. The most influential pH monitoring parameters were reflux during sleep, beyond 2 h postprandial, and during crying.

[The function of the esophagus following cardiomyotomy in childhood achalasia].

Cardiomyotomy and fundoplication were performed in 7 children with achalasia of the oesophagus. They were followed up clinically, radiologically and manometrically from 7 to 18 years. Virtually all clinical symptoms and complaints disappeared immediately postoperatively and the patients remained free from symptoms well into adolescence except for very mild intermittent dysphagia in two of them.

Renal tumours other than Wilms' tumour in the paediatric age group.

The non-Wilms' renal tumours in the paediatric age group may be classified according to age of onset, clinical-biological behaviour and morphology. This distinction is of practical importance because treatment and prognosis are different from those of Wilms' tumours. We report on clinical features, histological patterns, treatment and outcome of 9 cases seen between 1959 and 1981: - renal cell carcinoma (3 patients) - congenital mesoblastic nephroma (2 patients) - bone metastasizing renal tumour (3 patients) - angioleiomyolipoma (1 patient) Our experience is compared with the few reports of the same conditions in the literature.

[Kidney transplantation in childhood: 10 years' experience].

We report our experiences with 35 renal transplantations in 31 patients in childhood and adolescence. Kidneys were obtained exclusively from deceased donors. At the present time 23 patients are still alive, 19 with a functioning graft whereas 4 are again on haemodialysis.

Endocrinologic aspects and problems in neuroblastoma. Pediatric surgical considerations.

In addition to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, surgery still has a place in the treatment of neuroblastoma, even though this place is no longer a central one. As has been obvious for some time, the treatment of malignancies is no longer the task of one physician. The teamwork of the chemotherapist, radiotherapist and surgeon has produced unforeseen successes, far superior to those obtained by any single modality.

Extrinsic enteroureteroplasty: a piggyback technique for mid-ureteric replacement.

Replacement of the ureter was performed in 10 piglets using a serosa-lined intestinal tube. It was constructed by plication of the intestine and closing it at the antemesenteric border. The tube was then interposed to bridge a ureteral defect of variable length (4-6 cm).

[Double kidney with ureterocele].

Twenty-six children with ureteroceles--twenty-three with unilateral double collecting system and three with bilateral double kidney--are analyzed. The clinical and radiological features of these ureteroceles are presented. The different possibilities of surgical management and their results are discussed.