Vaccine patterns among older adults with Guillain-Barré syndrome and matched comparators, 2006-2019.

Background: Some vaccines have a small risk of triggering Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), an autoimmune disorder where nerve damage leads to paralysis. There is a CDC precaution for patients whose GBS was associated with an influenza or tetanus toxoid-containing vaccine (GBS occurring within 42 days following vaccination).

Methods: We described vaccine patterns before and after a GBS diagnosis with a matched cohort design in a 20% random sample of fee-for-service Medicare enrollees.

Assessing the safety and efficacy of prescribing psychologists in New Mexico and Louisiana.

This study aimed to compare patient outcomes between prescribing psychologists, psychiatrists, and primary care physicians (PCPs). Private insurance claims (2005-2021; = 307,478) were used to conduct an active comparator, new user longitudinal cohort study developed using target trial emulation. Inverse propensity for treatment weighting was used to adjust for baseline differences in a range of sociodemographic, clinical, and contextual patient factors.

Facilitators and Barriers to Shared Decision-Making Communication Between Latina Mothers and Pediatric Mental Healthcare Providers.

This study assessed communication factors influencing shared decision-making (SDM) between language-congruent clinicians and Latina mothers of pediatric mental health patients. The sample comprised Latinx youth up to 22 years old who were enrolled in mental healthcare and attended mental health-related sessions with their parent. One hundred transcripts depicting mental health visits were coded using the Conversation Analysis framework.

Optimal P2Y inhibitor durations in older men and older women following an acute myocardial infarction: A nationwide cohort study using Medicare data.

Study Objective: Identify optimal P2Y inhibitor durations balancing ischemic-benefit and bleeding-risk outcomes after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in older men and women.

Design: Observational retrospective cohort with 2 years of follow-up, using clone-censor-weight marginal structural models to emulate randomization.

Setting: 20 % sample of US Medicare administrative claims data.

Older people, medication usage and long-term care pharmacists: a retrospective cohort study.

Objective: To investigate the impact of the presence of a pharmacist on medication usage in long-term care facilities.

Methods: The study followed a retrospective cohort design, with a sample of patients aged ≥65 years admitted to three long-term care facilities over 30 months. Data on age, gender, type of stay, the presence or absence of a pharmacist and pharmacotherapeutic profile at admission and discharge were obtained for study patients.

Long-term care professionals' views on pharmacists: a qualitative study using Role Theory.

Background: Qualitative research investigating pharmacists' participation in Long-Term Care (LTC) within interdisciplinary teams is scarce.

Aim: To characterize how pharmacists' participation in a national network of LTC is perceived by healthcare professionals and other key stakeholders.

Method: Individual, in-depth, semi-structured interviews of participants (nurses, physicians, pharmacists, and LTC researchers) enrolled purposively or through snowballing sampling techniques, with the final sample being comprised of fourteen participants.

Prescribing-Assessment Tools for Long-Term Care Pharmacy Practice: Reaching Consensus through a Modified RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method.

Medicines are the most used health technology in Long-Term Care. The prevalence of potentially inappropriate medicines amongst Long-Term Care patients is high. Pharmacists, assisted by prescribing-assessment tools, can play an important role in optimizing medication use at this level of care.

Disparities by sex in P2Y inhibitor therapy duration, or differences in the balance of ischaemic-benefit and bleeding-risk clinical outcomes in older women versus comparable men following acute myocardial infarction? A P2Y inhibitor new user retrospective cohort analysis of US Medicare claims data.

Objectives: To determine if comparable older women and men received different durations of P2Y inhibitor therapy following acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and if therapy duration differences were justified by differences in ischaemic benefits and/or bleeding risks.

Design: Retrospective cohort.

Setting: 20% sample of 2007-2015 US Medicare fee-for-service administrative claims data.

Probing pharmacists' interventions in Long-Term Care: a systematic review.

Purpose: Long-Term Care (LTC) systems have experienced recent developments driven by changes in healthcare and demography (e.g. population ageing).

Communication about Contraception with Adolescent Females with Asthma in Pediatric Visits.

Study Objective: The occurrence and characteristics of contraception discussions with adolescents are unexplored. Our study sought to address this gap using transcripts of audiotaped healthcare visits.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This study was a secondary analysis of 153 transcripts of medical visits with female adolescents with asthma.

Conversations between Latina mothers and their child's mental health provider: An observational study of shared decision-making regarding pediatric patient mental health needs.

Objective: To evaluate shared decision-making (SDM) and delineate SDM processes in audio-recorded conversations between language congruent Spanish-/English-speaking clinicians and parents of pediatric mental health patients.

Methods: Transcripts from audio-recorded consultations were rated using the 5-Item Observing Patient Involvement in Decision Making (Observer OPTION) instrument. One hundred encounters between seventeen clinicians and 100 parents were rated.

Institutional factors associated with global health education across US pharmacy schools.

Introduction: The objective of this study is to explore the relationship between institutional factors and offerings of global health education opportunities in pharmacy schools.

Methods: Data for this project came from a review of international advanced pharmacy practice experiences (APPEs) and global course offerings for US pharmacy schools conducted between February 1 and March 31, 2014. These data were merged with data on institutional factors which may influence a school's offering of APPEs or courses.

Discussions About Antibiotics During Adolescent Asthma Visits: Implications for Providers.

Children with asthma are exposed to antibiotics more frequently than their peers. The quality of provider-patient discussion about antibiotics is unknown. In this secondary data analysis, we reviewed existing transcripts of audiotaped adolescent asthma visits using a standardized coding sheet to analyze the quality of communication about antibiotics.

Service quality and parents' willingness to get adolescents HPV vaccine from pharmacists.

We sought to examine whether pharmacy service quality was associated with parents' willingness to have immunizing pharmacists administer human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine to their adolescent children. Participants were a national sample of 1504 US parents of adolescents ages 11 to 17 who completed an online survey in 2014. Analyses used structural equation modeling.

Fostering Activation Among Latino Parents of Children With Mental Health Needs: An RCT.

Objective: Latino families raising children with mental health and other special health care needs report greater dissatisfaction with care compared with other families. Activation is a promising strategy to eliminate disparities. This study examined the comparative effectiveness of MePrEPA, an activation intervention for Latino parents whose children receive mental health services.

Parent and Clinician Preferences for an Asthma App to Promote Adolescent Self-Management: A Formative Study.

Background: Most youth asthma apps are not designed with parent and clinician use in mind, and rarely is the app development process informed by parent or clinician input.

Objective: This study was conducted to generate formative data on the use, attitudes, and preferences for asthma mHealth app features among parents and clinicians, the important stakeholders who support adolescents with asthma and promote adolescent self-management skills.

Methods: We conducted a mixed-methods study from 2013 to 2014 employing a user-centered design philosophy to acquire feedback from a convenience sample of 20 parents and 6 clinicians.

Prevalence of glaucoma in Eastern India: The Hooghly River Glaucoma Study.

Context: Glaucoma is the leading cause of global irreversible blindness. No recent study with adequate sample size has been carried out to estimate glaucoma prevalence in Eastern India.

Aims: The aim of this study was to assess and compare the prevalence and types of glaucoma in a rural and urban East Indian population.

Exploring the theoretical pathways through which asthma app features can promote adolescent self-management.

Asthma apps often lack strong theoretical underpinnings. We describe how specific features of asthma apps influenced adolescents' self-observation, self-judgment, and self-reactions, which are key constructs of Self-Regulation Theory (SRT). Adolescents (ages 12-16) with persistent asthma (n = 20) used two asthma self-management apps over a 1-week period.

Adolescent, caregiver, and friend preferences for integrating social support and communication features into an asthma self-management app.

Objectives: This study examines: 1) adolescent preferences for using asthma self-management mobile applications (apps) to interact with their friends, caregivers, medical providers, and other adolescents with asthma and 2) how caregivers and friends would use mobile apps to communicate with the adolescent and serve as sources of support for asthma management.

Methods: We recruited 20 adolescents aged 12-16 years with persistent asthma, their caregivers (n = 20), and friends (n = 3) from two suburban pediatric practices in North Carolina. We gave participants iPods with two preloaded asthma apps and asked them to use the apps for 1 week.

Communication Predicts Medication Self-Efficacy in Glaucoma Patients.

Purpose: Medication self-efficacy, or patients' confidence that they can perform medication-related behaviors, is associated with better glaucoma medication adherence. Little is known about how to enhance glaucoma patients' medication self-efficacy. Our purpose is to examine whether patient-provider communication increases glaucoma patients' medication self-efficacy.

Administration of the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine Via Telephone.

Background And Objectives: Over a third of adults in the United States have limited health literacy, which has been associated with numerous negative health outcomes and high health care costs. Most commonly used, objective measures of patients' literacy skills have traditionally been administered in person. This study assessed the feasibility of administering the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine (REALM) via telephone.

Using Tailored Videos to Teach Inhaler Technique to Children With Asthma: Results From a School Nurse-Led Pilot Study.

Unlabelled: Our purpose was to test whether a tailored inhaler technique video intervention: (1) could be feasibly implemented by school nurses and (2) improve the inhaler technique of children with asthma.

Methods: School nurses recruited a convenience sample of 25 children with asthma (ages 7-17) and assessed their inhaler technique. Children then watched a tailored video that provided: (1) step-by-step feedback on which steps (out of 8) they performed correctly, (2) praise for correctly-performed steps, and (3) statements about why incorrectly-performed steps are important.

Global Experiential and Didactic Education Opportunities at US Colleges and Schools of Pharmacy.

Objective: To assess the characteristics of global experiential and didactic education offerings in the pharmacy curricula.

Methods: A 2-stage web-based review of US colleges and schools of pharmacy identified country locations of international advanced pharmacy practice experiences (APPE), globally focused didactic courses, and whether these offerings were interprofessional. Schools were contacted to confirm their offerings and were asked about student participation and demand.