Equitable implementation of lung cancer screening: avoiding its potential to mirror existing inequities among people who use tobacco.

Purpose: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death, but the advent of lung cancer screening using low-dose computed tomography offers a tremendous opportunity to improve lung cancer outcomes. Unfortunately, implementation of lung cancer screening has been hampered by substantial barriers and remains suboptimal. Specifically, the commentary emphasizes the intersectionality of smoking history and several important sociodemographic characteristics and identities that should inform lung cancer screening outreach and engagement efforts, including socioeconomic considerations (e.

A practical method for integrating community priorities in planning and implementing cancer control programs.

Purpose: Community engagement is essential in effective public health programs. This paper illustrates the methods used to engage community in the development of a multi-level implementation intervention to address cancer disparities related to hereditary cancer syndromes.

Methods: Implementation Mapping (IM), was used to guide the co-creation of an intervention.

Practice change in community health centers: A qualitative study of leadership attributes.

Introduction: This paper explores leadership attributes important for practice change in community health centers (CHCs) and assesses attributes' fit with the Full-Range Leadership Theory (FRLT).

Methods: We conducted four focus groups and 15 in-depth interviews with 48 CHC leaders from several U.S.

Principles to operationalize equity in cancer research and health outcomes: lessons learned from the cancer prevention and control research network.

Reflecting their commitment to advancing health equity, the Cancer Prevention and Control Research Network (CPCRN) established a Health Equity Workgroup to identify and distill guiding principles rooted in health equity, community-engaged participatory research (CBPR), social determinants of health, and racial equity frameworks to guide its collective work. The Health Equity Workgroup utilized a multi-phase, participatory consensus-building approach to: (1) identify recurrent themes in health and racial equity frameworks; (2) capture perspectives on and experiences with health equity research among CPCRN members through an online survey; (3) engage in activities to discuss and refine the guiding principles; and (4) collect case examples of operationalizing equity principles in cancer research. Representatives from all CPCRN centers endorsed nine core principles to guide the Network's strategic plan: (1) Engage in power-sharing and capacity building with partners; (2) Address community priorities through community engagement and co-creation of research; (3) Explore and address the systems and structural root causes of cancer disparities; (4) Build a system of accountability between research and community partners; (5) Establish transparent relationships with community partners; (6) Prioritize the sustainability of research benefits for community partners; (7) Center racial equity in cancer prevention and control research; (8) Engage in equitable data collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination practices; and (9) Integrate knowledge translation, implementation, and dissemination into research plans.

What makes for successful patient navigation implementation in cancer prevention and screening programs using an evaluation and sustainability framework.

Background: Integrating patient navigation into cancer prevention and early detection efforts has been effective in increasing cancer screening rates for the medically underserved. Few publications have focused on how cancer screening interventions in the primary care setting using patient navigation as a primary strategy are implemented, adapted, and sustained. In 2006, the University of Colorado Cancer Center established a statewide colorectal cancer screening program to reduce disparities and improve colorectal cancer (CRC) screening for the medically underserved in partnership with the safety net system.

The early dissemination of patient navigation interventions: results of a respondent-driven sample survey.

Patient navigators (PNs) coordinate medical services and connect patients with resources to improve outcomes, satisfaction, and reduce costs. Little national information is available to inform workforce development. We analyzed 819 responses from an online PN survey conducted in 2009-2010.

What are patient navigators doing, for whom, and where? A national survey evaluating the types of services provided by patient navigators.

Objective: A nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted to assess patient navigator, patient population, and work setting characteristics associated with performance of various patient navigation (PN) tasks.

Methods: Using respondent-driven sampling, 819 navigators completed a survey assessing frequency of providing 83 PN services, along with information about themselves, populations they serve, and setting in which they worked. Analyses of variance and Pearson correlations were conducted to determine differences and associations in frequency of PN services provided by various patient, navigator, and work setting characteristics.

Surveillance and beliefs about follow-up care among long-term breast cancer survivors: a comparison of primary care and oncology providers.

Purpose: Delivery of follow-up care to breast cancer survivors is an important public health issue due to their increasing number and the anticipated shortage of oncology providers. This study evaluated adherence to American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)-recommended surveillance tests in a bi-ethnic cohort of long-term breast cancer survivors.

Methods: Women (n = 298) in Arizona and Colorado who had previously participated in a population-based study of breast cancer were enrolled into a follow-up survey approximately 6 years post-diagnosis.

Practice adaptive reserve and colorectal cancer screening best practices at community health center clinics in 7 states.

Background: Enhancing the capability of community health centers to implement best practices (BPs) may mitigate health disparities. This study investigated the association of practice adaptive reserve (PAR) with the implementation of patient-centered medical home (PCMH) colorectal cancer (CRC) screening BPs at community health center clinics in 7 states.

Methods: A convenience sample of clinic staff participated in a self-administered, online survey.

The cancer prevention and control research network: An interactive systems approach to advancing cancer control implementation research and practice.

Background: Although cancer research has advanced at a rapid pace, a gap remains between what is known about how to improve cancer prevention and control (CPC) and what is implemented as best practices within health care systems and communities. The Cancer Prevention and Control Research Network (CPCRN), with more than 10 years of dissemination and implementation research experience, aims to accelerate the uptake and use of evidence-based CPC interventions.

Methods: The collective work of the CPCRN has facilitated the analysis and categorization of research and implementation efforts according to the Interactive Systems Framework for Dissemination and Implementation (ISF), providing a useful heuristic for bridging the gap between prevention research and practice.

Dissemination of patient navigation programs across the United States.

Objective: To use diffusion and dissemination frameworks to describe how indicators of economic and health care disparity affect the location and type of patient navigation programs.

Methods: A cross-sectional national Web-based survey conducted during 2009-2010 with support from 65 separate national and regional stakeholder organizations.

Participants: A total of 1116 self-identified patient navigators across the United States.

A systematic review of special events to promote breast, cervical and colorectal cancer screening in the United States.

Background: Special events are common community-based strategies for health promotion. This paper presents findings from a systematic literature review on the impact of special events to promote breast, cervical or colorectal cancer education and screening.

Methods: Articles in English that focused on special events involving breast, cervical, and/or colorectal cancer conducted in the U.

Meeting the challenge of cancer survivorship in public health: results from the evaluation of the chronic disease self-management program for cancer survivors.

Introduction: Self-management has been identified as an important opportunity to improve health outcomes among cancer survivors. However, few evidence-based interventions are available to meet this need.

Methods: The effectiveness of an adapted version of the Chronic Disease Self-Management Program for cancer survivors called Cancer Thriving and Surviving was evaluated in a randomized trial.

Dietary intake of folate, B-vitamins and methionine and breast cancer risk among Hispanic and non-Hispanic white women.

Background: Low dietary folate intake is associated with several neoplasias, but reports are inconsistent for breast cancer. Additionally, the association of folate with breast cancer estrogen receptor (ER) status is not well established.

Objective: To determine if dietary intakes of folate, B-vitamins (B2, B6, B12) and methionine are associated with breast cancer risk and ER status in Hispanic, and non-Hispanic White women in the southwestern U.

Differences between Hispanic and non-Hispanic white women with breast cancer for clinical characteristics and their correlates.

Purpose: Body size and ethnicity may influence breast cancer tumor characteristics at diagnosis. We compared Hispanic and non-Hispanic white (NHW) cases for stage of disease, estrogen receptor (ER) status, tumor size, and lymph node status, and the associations of these with body size in the 4-Corners Breast Cancer Study.

Methods: One thousand five hundred twenty-seven NHW and 798 Hispanic primary incident breast cancer cases diagnosed between October 1999 and May 2004 were included.

Long-term weight gain among Hispanic and non-Hispanic White women with and without breast cancer.

Weight gain following breast cancer diagnosis is common, but limited data exists on whether this gain is in excess of that gained during normal aging. This study investigated weight patterns among women with and without breast cancer to determine the effects of the breast cancer experience on weight change. Using the SHINE 4-Corners Breast Cancer Study, 305 women with breast cancer and 345 women without were followed prospectively.

ADRB2 G-G haplotype associated with breast cancer risk among Hispanic and non-Hispanic white women: interaction with type 2 diabetes and obesity.

Introduction: Polymorphisms in the beta-2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) gene have been studied in relation to risk of type 2 diabetes and obesity, risk factors that have received increased attention in relation to breast cancer. We evaluated the hypothesis that ADRB2 variants (rs1042713, rs1042714) are associated with breast cancer risk in non-Hispanic white (NHW) and Hispanic (H) women using data from a population-based case-control study conducted in the southwestern United States.

Methods: Data on lifestyle and medical history, and blood samples, were collected during in-person interviews for incident primary breast cancer cases (1,244 NHW, 606 H) and controls (1,330 NHW, 728 H).

Dissemination and translation: a frontier for cancer survivorship research.

As the field of survivorship research grows, the need for translation is imperative to expand new knowledge into arenas that directly impact survivors. This commentary seeks to encourage research focused on dissemination and translation of survivorship interventions and programs, including practice-based research. We overview diffusion, dissemination and translation in the context of cancer survivorship and present the RE-AIM and Knowledge to Action frameworks as approaches that can be used to expand research into communities.

Behavioral risk factors and their relationship to tumor characteristics in Hispanic and non-Hispanic white long-term breast cancer survivors.

Hispanics are more likely to be diagnosed with breast cancer at a younger age, with more advanced stage at diagnosis, hormone receptor-negative tumors, and worse prognosis than non-Hispanic whites (NHW). Little is known regarding the association between behavioral risk factors and breast tumor characteristics and whether these associations vary by race/ethnicity. We evaluated the association between several behavioral risk factors and tumor phenotype in a population-based study of Hispanics and NHWs.

Survivorship navigation outcome measures: a report from the ACS patient navigation working group on survivorship navigation.

Survivorship navigation is a relatively new concept in the field of patient navigation but an important one. This article highlights the essential functions of the survivorship navigator and defines core outcomes and measures for navigation in the survivorship period. Barriers to access to care experienced by patients during active cancer treatment can continue into the post-treatment period, affecting quality follow-up care for survivors.

Serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and IGF binding protein-3 in relation to breast cancer among Hispanic and white, non-Hispanic women in the US Southwest.

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) have been positively associated with breast cancer, especially among premenopausal women. Hispanic women have lower levels of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 than non-Hispanic white (NHW) women, although no studies have adequately assessed the relationship among IGF-1, IGFBP-3, and breast cancer in Hispanic women. We investigated the association among IGF-1, IGFBP-3, and breast cancer within a subset of participants (n = 184 cases, 522 controls) of a population-based case-control study of women living in the U.