Increasing the safety of minimally invasive hallux surgery-An anatomical study introducing the clock method.

Background: The purpose of this study is to describe a simple and reproducible method to localize the neurological structures at risk and to describe a safe zone for hallux minimally invasive surgery (MIS) procedures.

Methods: Ten fresh-frozen cadaveric feet were dissected to identify the dorsomedial digital nerve (DMDN) and the dorsolateral digital nerve (DLDN) of the first toe. Axial sections were performed at the sites of metatarsal osteotomies.

Extensor apparatus of the lesser toes: anatomy with clinical implications--topical review.

Unlabelled: Lesser toe deformities are one of the most common conditions faced by orthopedic surgeons. Knowledge of the anatomy of the lesser toes is important for ensuring correct diagnosis and treatment of deformities, which are caused by factors such as muscle imbalance between the extensor apparatus and flexor tendons. However, this apparatus has not received sufficient attention in the literature.