Physical and chemical properties of the soils in selected communal property associations of South Africa.

Communal Property Associations (CPAs) rangeland users need more knowledge on the state of their respective grazing lands and also the interaction of soil properties with grazing management implemented. This study aimed to investigate the effect grazing has on the physical and chemical properties of four different soil types found in selected CPAs of the Bela-Bela municipality, they are as follows: Mawela (Hutton-clay loam: HCL), Bela-Bela (Hutton-clay: HC), Moretele (Hutton-loamy sand: HLS) and Ramorula (Ecca sand-clay loam: ESCL).The macro and micro minerals, pH, nitrate-nitrogen, ammonium-nitrogen, organic carbon, soil particle size distribution, acidity and resistance were all measured.

Utilization of the Species for Diet and Medicinal Purposes in Ruminants: A Review.

A cost-effective, alternative protein and mineral source such as the species can be key to livestock production. spp. are used as feed in many semi-arid and arid regions globally, particularly during feed shortages.