Cutaneous iontophoresis of μ-conotoxin CnIIIC-A potent Na1.4 antagonist with analgesic, anaesthetic and myorelaxant properties.

Cutaneous iontophoretic delivery of μ-conotoxin CnIIIC (XEP), a potent peptide antagonist of the Na1.4 sodium channel, was investigated using porcine ear skin and validated using human abdominal skin. Initial results demonstrated that cutaneous deposition of XEP following iontophoresis was superior to passive delivery and increased with current density.