Saliva-Based, COVID-19 RT-PCR Pooled Screening Strategy to Keep Schools Open.

Background: As of March 2020, governments throughout the world implemented business closures, work from home policies, and school closures due to exponential increase of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases, leaving only essential workers being able to work on site. For most of the children and adolescent school closures during the first lockdown had significant physical and psychosocial consequences. Here, we describe a comprehensive Return to School program based on a behavior safety protocol combined with the use of saliva-based reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) pooled screening technique to keep schools opened.

Correction to: NuA4 histone acetyltransferase activity is required for H4 acetylation on a dosage-compensated monosomic chromosome that confers resistance to fungal toxins.

After the publication of this work [1], it was noticed that an initial was missing from the author name: Jeffrey Hayes. His name should be written as: Jeffrey J. Hayes.

NuA4 histone acetyltransferase activity is required for H4 acetylation on a dosage-compensated monosomic chromosome that confers resistance to fungal toxins.

Background: The major human fungal pathogen Candida albicans possesses a diploid genome, but responds to growth in challenging environments by employing chromosome aneuploidy as an adaptation mechanism. For example, we have shown that C. albicans adapts to growth on the toxic sugar L-sorbose by transitioning to a state in which one chromosome (chromosome 5, Ch5) becomes monosomic.

Adaptation of Candida albicans to growth on sorbose via monosomy of chromosome 5 accompanied by duplication of another chromosome carrying a gene responsible for sorbose utilization.

Candida albicans, a fungus that normally inhabits the digestive tract and other mucosal surfaces, can become a pathogen in immunocompromised individuals, causing severe or even fatal infection. Mechanisms by which C. albicans can evade commonly used antifungal agents are not fully understood.

Chromosome 5 monosomy of Candida albicans controls susceptibility to various toxic agents, including major antifungals.

Candida albicans is a prevailing fungal pathogen with a diploid genome that can adapt to environmental stresses by losing or gaining an entire chromosome or a large portion of a chromosome. We have previously found that the loss of one copy of chromosome 5 (Ch5) allows for adaptation to the toxic sugar l-sorbose. l-Sorbose is similar to caspofungin and other antifungals from the echinocandins class, in that it represses synthesis of cell wall glucan in fungi.

Widespread occurrence of dosage compensation in Candida albicans.

The important human pathogen Candida albicans possesses an unusual form of gene regulation, in which the copy number of an entire specific chromosome or a large portion of a specific chromosome changes in response to a specific adverse environment, thus, insuring survival. In the absence of the adverse environment, the altered portion of the genome can be restored to its normal condition. One major question is how C.

Physiological effects of unassembled chaperonin Cct subunits in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Eukaryotic chaperonins, the Cct complexes, are assembled into two rings, each of which is composed of a stoichiometric array of eight different subunits, which are denoted Cct1p-Cct8p. Overexpression of a single CCT gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae causes an increase of the corresponding Cct subunit, but not of the Cct complex. Nevertheless, overexpression of certain Cct subunits, especially CCT6, suppresses a wide range of abnormal phenotypes, including those caused by the diverse types of conditional mutations tor2-21, lst8-2 and rsp5-9 and those caused by the concomitant overexpression of Sit4p and Sap155p.

Prohibitin expression is increased in phorbol ester-treated chronic leukemic B-lymphocytes.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by the gradual accumulation of immature B-lymphocytes. CLL B-lymphocytes mature to a plasmacytoid phenotype when treated in vitro with phorbol esters. CLL B-cell apparent maturation is associated with altered expression of specific plasma membrane and mitochondrial proteins including heightened expression of a 30-kDa heat shock protein 60 (hsp60) analog.

Association of HSP60-like proteins with the L-system amino acid transporter.

The carrier protein(s) responsible for mammalian L-system amino acid transport has not been identified. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) B-lymphocytes have markedly diminished L-system transport which is restored after treatment with 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Six candidate L-system related plasma membrane proteins were identified in TPA-treated CLL-cells using an L-system photoprobe and ultra-high-resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.

CYC2 encodes a factor involved in mitochondrial import of yeast cytochrome c.

The gene CYC2 from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was previously shown to affect levels of mitochondrial cytochrome c by acting at a posttranslational step in cytochrome c biosynthesis. We report here the cloning and identification of the CYC2 gene product as a protein involved in import of cytochrome c into mitochondria. CYC2 encodes a 168-amino-acid open reading frame with at least two potential transmembrane segments.